Echothiophate iodide trade name (s): Chemically Phospholine related iodide with: irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors Pregnancy Category: Physicians

Echothiophate iodide trade name (s): Chemically Phospholine related iodide with: irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: glaucoma, cyclostimulant, diagnostic aid accepted indications: Glaucoma, esotropia (diagnosis and treatment) Mechanism of action: cholinesterase inhibitor activity peak: Miosis: 2 h Research Notes: The onset of miosis: less than 1 h, the duration of miosis: up to 1 m adult dose: glaucoma: the conjunctiva, 1 drop 0.03% () endash 0.25% solution (1) endash dose 2 times daily Elderly: Decreased concentration of children Dosage: 2 and more: same as adult dose Dosage Forms: For ophthalmic solution : 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.125% and 0.25% by the system: visual warnings: For the eye only endash () decreased night vision Precautions: Wear medical identification often side effects: The frequencies does not for itchy eyes, headache, miosis Rare side effects: retinal detachment overdose: bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypotension, increased sweating, nausea / vomiting, diarrhea Antidoted Therapy: may include the injection of atropine sulfate, pralidoxime CL IV , diazepam Disease States: glaucoma, peptic ulcer, myasthenia gravis, epilepsy, bronchial asthma, Down syndrome, other medications for hypertension: cholinesterase inhibitors, cocaine, succinylcholine, belladonna alkaloids eye, the Administrative anticholinergic Notes: The reconstituted solution is stable for 3 () endash 4 W at room temperature Econazole nitrate Trade Name (s): Chemically related Spectazole: Miconazole Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: Indications topical antifungal accepted: cutaneous candidiasis , tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor paronychia, beard ringworm, tinea capitis Mechanism of action: fungistatic Absorption / Distribution: minimal systemic absorption Elimination: Renal, fecal adult dose: supply current am / pm Older dose: Same as adult dose of Child Dose: Same as adult dose infant Dose: Same as adult dose Dosage Forms: Cream: 1% Warnings: Avoid tight underwear for Tinea cruris Precautions Follow occasional full course Side effects: Hypersensitivity edetate calcium disodium trade name (s): Calcium Disodium Verserate Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category B: chelating agent, a diagnostic aid, accepted indications mobilization of lead: Lead toxicity no indications Accepted: arsenic, gold, or mercury poisoning, prevention or retardation of atherosclerosis Mechanism of Action: Reduces the absorption of lead stores / Distribution: Well absorbed after parenteral administration half life: IV: 20 ( ) endash 60 min. IM: 1.5 h. Metabolism: The elimination is not metabolized: Renal adult dose: 30 () endash 50 mg / kg / day in 2 divided doses, 2 g / d maximum dose of Children: IV or IM: 1500 mg/m2/d administered in time of 4 h for 5 d Dosage Forms: Injection: 200 mg / ml frequent side effects: systemic febrile reactions, the reaction of histamine, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, kidney damage, thrombophlebitis occasional side effects: anemia transient bone marrow depression, dermatitis, hypercalcemia Rare side effects: secondary gout, frequent urination Contraindications: anuria, oliguria disease states, dehydration, hypercalcaemia, renal function impairment of other drugs: insulin, supplements zinc Laboratory Tests: BUN, concentrations of calcium chloride Edrophonium trade name (s): tarp, Reversol, Tensilon Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: cholinergic diagnostic aid, antidote accepted indications: diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, neuromuscular blockade nondepolarizing curare toxicity not accepted Directions: supraventricular tachycardia Mechanism of Action: Inhibits destruction of acetylcholine average life: 7 () endash 12 min (distribution), 33 () endash 110 min (elimination) Elimination: renal dose Adult: IV, 1 () endash 10 mg, IM, 10 mg as a diagnostic aid elderly dose: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: In 34 kg: IM, 2 mg, IV, 1 mg initially, can be repeated until a total dose of 5 mg. 34 kg or more: IM, 5 mg, IV, 2 mg initially, may be repeated until a total dose of 10 mg. Child Dosage: IM or SQ: 50 m (mu) (g) endash 1 mg. IV: 500 m (mu) g. Dosage Forms: Injection: 10 mg / ml Warnings: Protect from frost occasional side effects: Muscarinic effects (blurred vision, diarrhea, sweating, bronchial secretions) Rare side effects: Nicotinic effects (weakness, cramps, spasms) Contraindications: asthma, intestinal obstruction antidote therapy: may include atropine sulfate, 0.4) (endash 0.5 mg disease states: AV block other drugs: cholinesterase inhibitors, cardiac glycosides, neuromuscular blocking Enalapril Maleate trade name (s): Vasotec chemically related to: Captopril Pregnancy Category: C (D 2 and 3rd quarter) Medical Category: Antihypertensive Indications Accepted: hypertension, CHF Mechanism of Action: blocks the absorption of ACE results in vasodilation / Distribution: partially absorbed Half life: 11 h peak 1 h PO: 1 hr Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal and fecal adult dose: 5 () endash 40 mg / d dose Elderly: Based on the clinical dose response Child: Not recommended children's dose : Not recommended Dosage Forms: Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg by the system: ACE inhibitor; vascular Warnings: proteinuria and neutropenia precautions may occur: dizziness and vertigo may occur after the first dose occasional Effects Secondary: dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, coughing Rare side effects: chest pain, sudden difficulty swallowing or breathing, swelling (angioedema), hyperkalemia overdose: dizziness, syncope Antidoted Therapy: supportive measures may include disease states: Disease autoimmune, bone marrow depression, diabetes, renal dysfunction drug use: alcohol, diuretics, NSAIDs, estrogens, sympathomimetics Laboratory Tests: BUN, serum potassium and sodium ion concentration Enalapril / Hydrochlorothiazide trade name (s): Vaseretic Pregnancy Category: C (D 2 and 3 quarter) Medical Category: Antihypertensive Indications Accepted: Mechanism of Action of Hypertension: Reduced peripheral vascular resistance by decreasing the rate of production of angiotensin II Absorption / Distribution: Approximately 60% absorption halflife of enalapril: 11 h peak: 46 hours Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: kidney 60% and 33% in feces adult dosage: 1 tablet / d dose Elderly: See adult dose Children: 100 m (mu) g / kg / d up to 500 m () mu g / kg / d (enalapril), 12 mg / kg or 3060 mg / m� / d Dosage Forms: Tablets: 10 mg/25 mg per System: frequent CNS side effects: occasional dry cough side effects: hypotension, diarrhea, increased sensitivity to light, taste loss, unusual fatigue, nausea Rare side effects: angioedema, chest pain, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, liver failure, hyperuricemia, gout, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia overdose: Dry mouth, irregular heartbeat, weak pulse disease states: angioedema, anuria, hyperkalemia, renal artery stenosis, renal transplant, renal dysfunction Other Drugs: adrenocortical, ACTH, alcohol, diuretics, potassiumcontaining medications or supplements, salt substitutes, digitalis glycosides, lithium, methenamine, sympathomimetics, noradrenaline, phenylephrine Laboratory Tests: Serum calcium, sodium, potassium, uric acid or cholesterol notes Administrative: Avoid too much sun or using sunlamps Enalaprilat trade name (s): VasotecIV trimester Category: C (D second and third) Medical Category: antihypertensives, vasodilators accepted indications: hypertension, CHF Mechanism of Action : Inhibits ACE lifetime: 11 h IV: 1 () endash 4 hours Elimination: Renal adult dose: IV (over a period of 5 min) 1.25 mg / 6 h older Dose: Same as Child adult dose Dosage: The safety and efficacy not established Child Dosage: The safety and efficacy not established Dosage Forms: Injection: 1.25 mg by system: cardiovascular, respiratory Warning: May cause dizziness, avoid dehydration Common side effects: dry cough, headache, occasional side effects: Diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, hypotension, rash, fever, joint pain Rare side effects: angioedema of the extremities, chest pain, hyperkalemia, pancreatitis, neutropenia Antidoted therapy: May include volume expansion, hemodialysis for the elimination of disease states: angioedema, autoimmune diseases, bone marrow depression, diabetes, kidney problems, drug use: alcohol, diuretics, NSAIDs, potassium supplements, depressants bone marrow, estrogen, lithium, sympathomimetics Testing Laboratory Iodohippurate sodium I 123 or 131, BUN, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum potassium and sodium, serum creatinine Enoxacin trade name (s): Chemically related Penetrex : fluoroquinolone Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: Antiinfective indications Accepted mild to moderately severe urinary tract infections, gonorrhea not accepted Directions: Syphilis Absorption / Distribution: 90% Half of the bioavailability of life: 3 () endash 6 h PO: 1 () endash 3 h Metabolism: Hepatic elimination: Renal Research Notes: 5 metabolites have been identified adult dose: 200 mg BID for 5 d dosing older: Usually the normal dose Child dose: Not recommended infant dose: Not recommended Dosage Forms: filmcoated tablets: 200 mg and 400 mg Warning: May cause dizziness Precautions: Avoid sunlight, drink plenty of fluids occasional side effects: Nausea and vomiting, dizziness rare side effects: headache, rash, diarrhea, dyspepsia Contraindications: Pregnancy Antidoted Therapy: may include supportive treatment: gastric lavage, emesis states of illness: epilepsy, cerebral arteriosclerosis other drugs: antacids, NSAIDs, theophylline, caffeine, bismuth, cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin, laboratory tests: hemoglobin, hematocrit, bilirubin, urinary protein Administrative Notes: The dosage should be adjusted in patients with a creatinine clearance of 30 ml / min / enoxaparin 1.73 m2 or less trade name (s): Lovenox Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category B: Antithrombotic accepted indications: pulmonary thromboembolism, prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery Mechanism of action: Increased antithrombin IIImediated inhibition formation and activity of factor Xa Absorption / Distribution: absorbed rapidly and almost completely Half life: 3 () endash 6 h (removal) of maximal activity: 3 () endash 5 h (SQ) Metabolism Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Duration of action up to 24 h adult dose: SQ: 30 mg bid for 7 () 10 d dose endash elderly: Same as adult dose Children Dosage: Not established infant dose: Not established Dosage Forms: Injection: 30 ml mg/0.3 by the system: Vascular occasional side effects: Bleeding complications, confusion, fever, peripheral edema, thrombocytopenia, increased menstrual bleeding, irritation at the site of the injection, nausea, vomiting Rare side effects: angioedema, cardiovascular toxicity, rash, urticaria overdose: Bleeding complications Antidoted Therapy: May include protamine sulfate disease states: The threat of abortion, aneurysm, hemorrhage, stroke, uncontrollable bleeding, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, regional or lumbar block anesthesia, blood dyscrasias, recent childbirth, endocarditis, neurosurgery, ophthalmic surgery, pericarditis, impaired renal function, retinopathy, spinal tap, severe trauma, sores, or lesions, vasculitis, with large open wounds surfaces other drugs: inhibitors of platelet aggregation, aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, ticlopidine, Plicamycin, valproic acid, thrombolytics, alteplase, anistreplase, streptokinase, urokinase, Lab Tests: blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, platelet count, hydrochloride ephedrine / guaifenesin trade name (s): Broncholate (capsules, syrup) Medical Category: antitussives, mucolytics Indications Accepted cough and cold adult dosage: Capsules: 1 () endash 2 capsules every 4 hours; syrup: 10 () 20 ml each dose endash Child 4 h: Syrup: 2 (endash) 6 and (2.5) endash 5 ml, 6 () endash 12: 5) (endash 10ml every 4 hours Dosage Forms: Capsules: 12 , 5 mg/200 mg, syrup: 6.25 mg/100 mg of ephedrine hydrochloride / guaifenesin / phenobarbital / theophylline trade name (s): Bronkolixir, Bronkotabs, Guaiphed, GG Mudrane Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: bronchodilators, mucolytics accepted indications: Asthma adult dose: Varies by force of the elderly dose: Varies depending on the strength of Child Dosage: Varies by force Dosage Forms: Varies depending on the preparation of hydrochloride ephedrine / phenobarbital / theophylline Anhydrous trade name (s): Tedrigen, Theodrine, Theofedral, Theophedrital Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: antiasthmatic, bronchodilator accepted indications: Asthma Dosage Forms: Varies depending on the preparation of ephedrine hydrochloride / Potassium iodide trade name (s): KIE Pregnancy Category : Physicians Category C: bronchodilator, expectorant accepted indications: Asthma adult dose: 10 () endash 15 ml every 4 () endash 6 h Child Dose: 3 () endash 6: 2.5 (endash) 5 ml, 6 () endash 12: 5) (endash 10 ml every 4 () endash 6 hours Dosage Forms: Syrup: 8 mg/150 mg ephedrine hydrochloride / potassium iodide / Phenobarbital / Salicylate Theophylline Trade Name (s): Pregnancy Category Quadrinal : Physicians Category C: antispasmodic, mucolytic accepted indications: asthma, bronchodilator Dosage Forms: Tablet: 24 mg/320 mg/24 mg/130 mg of ephedrine trade name (s): generics are chemically related to: amphetamine Pregnancy Category: Medical Category C: bronchodilators, nasal decongestants, CNS stimulants, adjunctive therapy urticaria accepted indications: asthma, bronchitis, bronchospasm, bronchiectasis, emphysema, nasal congestion, sinus congestion, mental depression, narcolepsy, urticaria not accepted indications: enuresis , myasthenia gravis Mechanism of Action: The absorption relaxes bronchial smooth muscle / Distribution: Rapidly absorbed midlife: 36 h Metabolism: Hepatic elimination: Mostly excreted unchanged in urine Research Notes: The onset of action oral 1560 min, the onset of action IM 1020, acting oral min duration 35 hours, duration of 0.51 h IM action adult dosage: Capsules: 2550 mg q 3 h, IV, IM or SQ: 12.525 mg to 150 mg / d dosage Elderly: Use with caution Child Dose: capsules or injection: 3 mg / kg / d in 46 divided doses Child Dosage: Use with caution Forms Dosage: Capsules: 25 and 50 mg Syrup: 20 mg / 5 ml Injection: 25 mg / ml and 50 mg / ml frequent side effects: difficulty sleeping, nervousness, restlessness, occasional side effects: difficulty urinating, dizziness dry mouth, rapid pulse, headache, increased sweating, increased blood pressure, loss of appetite, nausea, palpitations, tremors, unusual paleness, vomiting, weakness Rare side effects: chest pain, irregular heartbeat, hallucinations, mood swings, paradoxical bronchospasm, chills, convulsions, blurred vision, unusual weakness Contraindications: Cardiovascular disease, narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy therapy antidote may include intravenous fluids, diazepam Disease States: Diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, prostatic hypertrophy, Other Drugs: The levodopa, nitrates, doxapram, adrenocortical glucocorticoids, ACTH, alkalizers urinary betaadrenergic blockers, diatrizoates, iothalamate, ioxaglate, ergot alkaloids, methysergide, oxytocin, guanadrel, guanethidine , mazindol, mecamylamine, methyldopa, trimethaphan, Methylphenidate, Rauwolfia alkaloids, fastacting vasodilators, hydrocarbon inhalation anesthetics, antihypertensives, CNS stimulation) (endash produce drugs, cocaine, digitalis glycosides, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, MAO inhibitors, ritodrine, sympathomimetics, thyroid hormones, ephedrine sulfate xanthine / Hydroxyzine HCl / Theophylline trade name (s): AmiRax, Hydrophed, Marax, EL, Theomax City, Therax Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: antiasthmatic, antianxiety Accepted Indications: Asthma, bronchodilator Dosage Forms: Syrup: 6.25 mg/2.5 mg/32.5 mg tablet: 25 mg/10 mg/130 mg Epinephryl borate trade name (s): Chemically related Epinal with: Adrenaline Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: glaucoma, surgical assistance accepted indications: Glaucoma Mechanism of action: reducing production of aqueous humor Absorption / Distribution: Limited absorption peak: 4 () endash 8 h of Research Notes: Duration action in reducing intraocular pressure: up to 24 h Adult Dosage: Topical to the conjunctiva, 1 drop once daily or offering Child Dosage: The dosage child safety is not established: Safety not established ways of Dosage: ophthalmic solution: USP 0.5%, 1% and 2% for the system: Ocular Warnings: Avoid contaminating the applicator, do not use if solution is discolored Precautions: Time eye pressure regularly frequent side effects: sore head, itchy or watery eyes occasional side effects: blurred vision, eye pain Rare side effects: Tachycardia Antidoted Therapy: Symptomatic treatment may include, as a betaadrenergic blocker disease states: bronchial asthma, heart problems, the diabetes diabetes, glaucoma, hypertension, hyperthyroidism Other Drugs: anesthetics hydrocarbons, tricyclic antidepressants, cardiac glycosides, MAO inhibitors, sympathomimetics systemic administrative notes: Do not use unless the solution is colorless to amber, do not use if there is a Epoetin Alfa precipitate Trade Name (s): Epogen, Procrit chemically related to: human erythropoietin Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: Indications Antianemic accepted: The anemia associated with renal failure, anemia associated with AIDS, anemia associated with the donation of not accepted indications frequent blood: blood transfusion to replace the Mechanism of Action: Stimulates division and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells Absorption / Distribution: Destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, delayed and incomplete absorption halflife: 4 () endash 13 peak h: SQ 5 () endash 24 h IV: 15 min Metabolism Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Increased number of red cells in 2 () endash 6 w adult dose: Initial dose: IV or SQ, 50 () endash 100 units / kg 3 times / w Dosage Forms: recombinant injection 2000 units / mL, 3000 units / ml, 4000 U / mL and 10,000 units / mL by the system: hematopoietic Warnings: Discard any unused portion , do not shake vial Precautions: Take iron supplements common side effects: chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension, swelling of the face and extremities, weight gain, diarrhea, nausea / vomiting, occasional shortness of breath side effects: seizures Effects Rare side rash, urticaria Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to human albumin, uncontrolled hypertension Antidoted Therapy: For the coagulation, follow the policy of dialysis center, also administer antihypertensive disease states: hypertension, vascular disease, seizures, weakness vitamin B12 infection Nutrition: Special diet is often necessary, possible need for iron supplements Other Drugs: Heparin, antihypertensive Laboratory Tests: iron concentration, blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, bleeding time, serum uric acid Administrative Notes: Do not administer with other drugs Ergocalciferol business name (s): Calciferol, Deltalin, Drisdol, Ostoforte chemically related to Vitamin D Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: Antihypocalcemic, nutritional supplement, accepted indications antihypoparathyroid: hypocalcemia, rickets, tetany, hypophosphatemia, osteodystrophy, vitamin D deficiency not accepted Directions: Lupus vulgaris, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis Mechanism of action: promoting absorption and utilization of the absorption of calcium and phosphate / Distribution: readily absorbed in the small intestine Halflife : 19 () endash 48 hours Metabolism: Hepatic, renal excretion: biliary, renal adult dosage: PO: varies by indication. The usual dose 400 () endash 2000 units / day, up 500,000 units / day; injection: 10,000 units / day dose Elderly: May require higher doses dose Children: PO: varies by indication. The usual dose 400) (endash 2000 units / day, up 200,000 units / day; injection: same as adult dose Child Dosage should be individualized Dosage Forms: Capsules: 50,000 units; tablets: 50,000 units; oral solution: 8,000 units; injection: 500,000 units. Low dose units available in most of the contraindications to prepare: Hypercalcemia, heart failure overdose constipation, headache, metallic taste, bone pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, thirst, frequent urination, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, cloudy urine, blood, pressure irregular heartbeat, pancreatitis, Antidoted pruritus therapy: May include the removal of vitamins, lowcalcium diet, increased fluid intake, disease states prednisone: Hypervitaminosis D, renal osteodystrophy with hyperphosphatemia, arteriosclerosis, hyperphosphatemia, impaired renal function other drugs: antacids, thiazide diuretics, colestipol, calcium) (endash preparations contain vitamin D analogues Laboratory Tests: BUN, serum creatinine Mesylates Ergoloid trade name (s): Gerimal, Hydergine, Hydergine LC chemically related: alkaloids ergot; natural alkaloid Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Symptoms of dementia accepted adjuvant treatment indications: dementia praecox, questionable efficacy Mechanism of action: decreases vascular tone, peripheral blocks alpha receptors Absorption / Distribution: rapidly absorbed but incomplete Half life: 2 () endash 5 h PO: 1 endash (2) h Metabolism: Liver Research Notes: The onset of action: It may take 3 () 4 w endash adult dose: 1 () endash 2 mg three times daily Dosage Forms: Capsules: 1 mg, oral solution 1 mg / mL; tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 mg sublingual tablets 0.5 mg, 1 mg by the system: vascular Warnings: No take more or less than the prescribed dosage Precautions: monitor blood pressure and pulse occasional side effects: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, rash overdose: Blurred vision, dizziness, fainting, flushing, headache, nausea / vomiting, nasal congestion states disease: bradycardia, impaired liver function, hypotension, psychosis ergonovine maleate trade name (s): Chemically related Ergotrate: Ergotamine Medical Category: Uterine stimulant, a diagnostic aid (coronary vasospasm) Indications Accepted uterine bleeding, postpartum and postabortion not accepted indications: Migraine, labor (induction), abortion (induction) Mechanism of action: directly stimulates uterine muscle to increase strength and frequency of contraction, vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries Absorption / Distribution: fast and Full RB: 60 () endash 90 min Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: antiemetic drugs such as prochlorperazine may be given before ergonovine adult dosage: Uterine stimulant: Tablets: 200 () endash 400 m mu) (g BID four times daily, IV or IM, 200 mu m) (g, repeated in 2 () endash 4 hours, not to exceed 5 doses. Diagnostic aid: IV, 50 m () mu g every 5 min not exceeding 400 m () mu g Dosage Forms: Tablets: 200 m () mu g, IV and IM: 200 m () mu g / ml and 250 m () mu g / ml by the system : o frequent uterine smooth muscle side effects: Nausea, diarrhea, uterine cramping occasional side effects: bradycardia, coronary vasospasm, abdominal or stomach pain, dizziness, headache, nasal congestion, sweating Rare Side Effects: Cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias, including fibrillation and tachycardia Contraindications: unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, severe hypertension overdose: angina pectoris, bradycardia, confusion, dizziness, weak pulse, miosis, severe peripheral vasoconstriction, depression breathing, seizures, tachycardia Antidoted Therapy: Treatment may include supportive and symptomatic disease states: cardiovascular disease, heart disease, mitral valve stenosis, renal and liver function impairment, sepsis Other Drugs: general anesthetics antianginal agents, nitroglycerin, nicotine, vasopressors, vasopressors Administrative Notes: For patients not responding to the ergonovine, calcium gluconate may restore oxytocin action Ergotamine tartrate Trade Name (s): Ergostat, chemically related Gynergen: alkaloids ergot Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Reduces the vascular headache accepted indications: vascular headaches, cluster headaches are not accepted Indications: Migraine (prophylaxis in the long term), the production mechanism of the effect of oxytocin action: adrenergic blockade, vasoconstriction Absorption / Distribution: slow and incomplete absorption halflife: the alpha phase, 2 h, beta, 21 h PO: 2 hours Metabolism: Hepatic elimination: liver failure, fecal Research Notes: is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid adult dose: 1 () endash 2 mg at the start of the attack, followed by 1 tablet at intervals of at least 30 minutes, until a total of 6 tablets / day dose Children: No dosage has been established Children: Not established Dosage Forms: Tablets: 1 mg sublingual tablets: 2 mg by the system: the sympathetic nervous system Warning: May cause dizziness, avoid excessive cold, increased risk of hypothermia in elderly patients Common side effects: edema, CNS effects, dry mouth, gastrointestinal discomfort, occasional side effects: cardiovascular, ocular changes Contraindications: Hepatic vascular angioplasty, severe hypertension, vascular surgery overdose: CNS toxicity, diarrhea, vomiting, depression Antidoted respiratory therapy: May include monitoring of vital signs, oxygen administration, volume expanders, benzodiazepines disease states: malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, diarrhea, angina, liver problems, peripheral vascular disease other drugs : macrolide antibiotics, betaadrenergic blockers, vasoconstrictors, nitroglycerin Laboratory Tests: gastric acid secretion Administrative Notes: Recommended Use no more than 2 times / W, 5 d apart Tetranitrate Erythrityl trade name (s): generics are chemically related to: nitroglycerin Pregnancy Category: Physicians Category C: antianginal, vasodilator Indications Accepted acute angina angina (prophylaxis), CHF Mechanism of action: reduction of myocardial oxygen demand, which is attributed to a reduction in left ventricular preload and afterload Absorption / Distribuci�n: absorbe f�cilmente Metabolismo: hep�tico, eliminaci�n de sangre: Renal Research Notes: Duraci�n de la acci�n, las tabletas por v�a oral: hasta 6 h; comprimidos sublinguales: 2 () endash 3 h. El inicio de acci�n, comprimidos orales: 15 () endash 30 min; comprimidos sublinguales: 5 min. Dosis de adulto: 5 () endash 10 mg tid o qid hasta 100 mg / d dosis de edad avanzada: pueden ser m�s sensibles a los efectos hipotensores dosis de Ni�os: No se ha establecido la dosis infantil: No se ha establecido Formas de Dosificaci�n: Comprimidos: 10 mg por el sistema: cardiovascular Advertencias: Precauci�n con el uso de alcohol, mantener el recipiente bien cerrado, y Conservar en un lugar fresco, seco lugar Precauciones: dosis bucal no se recomienda antes de acostarse debido a la posibilidad de aspiraci�n frecuentes Efectos secundarios: taquicardia, enrojecimiento de la cara y el cuello, dolor de cabeza, n�useas y v�mitos, hipotensi�n ortost�tica, inquietud ocasionales efectos secundarios: piel enrojecida y ulcerada Efectos secundarios raros : visi�n borrosa, sequedad de boca, dolor de cabeza, severa o prolongada sobredosis erupci�n: labios azulados, u�as o palmas de las manos, mareo (extrema), desmayo, sensaci�n de presi�n extrema en la cabeza, falta de aliento, cansancio o debilidad extrema , pulso d�bil o taquicardia, fiebre, convulsiones Antidotado Terapia: puede incluir la eliminaci�n de cualquier resto de nitroglicerina, elevar las piernas a la ayuda al retorno venoso; administraci�n de fenilefrina en caso necesario estados de enfermedad: anemia grave, traumatismo craneal reciente, hemorragia cerebral, infarto de miocardio reciente; hep�tica grave y el deterioro de la funci�n renal, hipotensi�n, hipertiroidismo Nutrici�n: Tomar con un vaso de agua con el est�mago vac�o 1 hora antes o 2 horas despu�s de las comidas Otras Drogas: noradrenalina, antihipertensivos, hipotensores, analg�sicos narc�ticos, otros vasodilatadores, heparina, simpaticomim�ticos Pruebas de Laboratorio: Suero , las concentraciones de colesterol de metahemoglobina, las concentraciones de catecolaminas en orina Administrativo Notas: La p�rdida de la potencia del f�rmaco se acelera por la exposici�n al calor y la humedad . Los comprimidos pueden ser utilizados para la dosificaci�n oral, sublingual, o bucal. Tomar con un vaso de agua con el est�mago vac�o 1 hora antes o 2 horas despu�s de las comidas. Eritromicina (Oft�lmica) Comercio Nombre (s): Ilotycin qu�micamente relacionadas con: Los antibi�ticos macr�lidos Embarazo Categor�a: M�dicos Categor�a B: Indicaciones Oft�lmica antibacteriano aceptado: conjuntivitis, infecciones oculares, oftalmia neonatal Mecanismo de acci�n: interfiere con el ARN mensajero Absorci�n / Distribuci�n: Puede ser absorbida por la c�rnea y el humor acuoso dosis de adulto : t�pica en la conjuntiva, 1 cm de la dosis una vez al d�a Ancianos: conjuntivitis neonatal en la misma dosis de adultos como infantil Dosificaci�n: la misma dosis de adultos como infantil Dosificaci�n: o oftalmia neonatal: t�pica en la conjuntiva, 0,5 (endash ) 1 cm en una sola dosis; infecciones oculares: igual que la dosis de adulto Formas de Dosificaci�n: pomada oft�lmica: 0,5% Precauciones: Prot�jase de la congelaci�n frecuentes efectos secundarios: visi�n borrosa, Efectos secundarios raros: Irritaci�n ocular Administrativo Notas: completa del curso completo de tratamiento con eritromicina base Nombre del Comercio (s): EMycin, ERYC, EryTab qu�micamente relacionadas con: Eritromicina Embarazo Categor�a: Uso no recomendado M�dica Categor�a: antibacterianos sist�micos, agente antiacn�, el intestino preparativa adyuvante (preoperatorio) Indicaciones aceptadas: preparaci�n preoperatoria del intestino, conjuntivitis, las infecciones por clamidia, la neumon�a, difteria, endocarditis bacteriana, gonorrea, infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos, bronquitis, otitis media aguda, sinusitis, eritrasma, la enfermedad del legionario , la listeriosis, la tos ferina, la faringitis, la profilaxis de la fiebre reum�tica, la s�filis, la uretritis Mecanismo de acci�n: Inhibe la s�ntesis de prote�nas bacterianas Absorci�n / Distribuci�n: Se absorbe bien; ampliamente distribuido a la mayor�a de los tejidos y fluidos de la vida media: 1.4) (endash 2 h PO: 1 () endash 4 h Metabolismo: La eliminaci�n hep�tica: insuficiencia hep�tica, renal, fecal Notas de investigaci�n: No se elimina por de hemodi�lisis dosis de adulto: 250 mg cuatro veces al d�a de hasta 4 g / d dosis de edad avanzada: puede requerir menores dosis de Ni�os Dosificaci�n: 7,512,5 mg / kg cuatro veces al d�a Infantil Dosificaci�n: 7,5 a 12,5 mg / kg qid Formas de Dosificaci�n: c�psulas de liberaci�n retardada: 250 mg, comprimidos de 250 mg y 500 mg, comprimidos de liberaci�n retardada: 250 mg, 333 mg y 500 mg frecuentes efectos secundarios: GI estomacal ocasional Efectos Secundarios: Hipersensibilidad, candidiasis oral, hepatotoxicidad, candidiasis vaginal Efectos secundarios raros: P�rdida de audici�n, toxicidad card�aca, pancreatitis Antidotado Terapia: puede incluir la adrenalina, antihistam�nicos y adrenocorticoides, lavado g�strico estados de enfermedad: problemas hep�ticos, arritmias card�acas, Drogas Otras p�rdidas de audici�n: Lincomycins, cloranfenicol, warfarina, xantinas , medicamentos hepatot�xicos , alfentanil, astemizole, terfenadine, midazolam, carbamazepine, valproic acid, cyclosporine Lab Tests: Urinary catecholamines, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase Administrative Notes: Delayedrelease medications must be swallowed whole; may be taken with food Erythromycin Estolate Trade Name (s): Erythrozone, Ilosone Chemically Related To: Erythromycin Pregnancy Category: B Medical Category: Antiacne agent, adjunct bowel preparation Accepted Indications: Chlamydial conjunctivitis, GI tract infections, chlamydial pneumonia, diphtheria, bacterial endocarditis, erythrasma, gonorrhea, legionnaires#39; disease , sinusitis, acute otitis media Mechanism of Action: Blocks protein formation; bacteriostatic Absorption/Distribution: Absorbed in duodenum, unaffected by food; widely distributed Half life: 1.4{endash}2 hours PO: 1{endash}4 hours IV: 30 min Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal, fecal Research Notes: Has been associated with an increased risk of reversible, subclinical hepatotoxicity in approximately 10% of pregnant women Adult Dosage: Antibacterial: 1{endash}4 g/d Child Dosage : 30{endash} 50 mg/kg/d Infant Dosage: Same as child dose Dosage Forms: Capsules: 250 mg; oral suspension: 125 mg/5 mL and 250 mg/5 mL; tablets: 250 mg and 500 mg; chewable tablets: 125 mg; injectable: 500 mg Precautions: Do not miss doses; take at evenly spaced times Frequent Side Effects: GI disturbances Occasional Side Effects: Hypersensitivity, cholestatic jaundice, inflammation or phlebitis at injection site, sore mouth or tongue Rare Side Effects : Hearing loss (reversible ), cardiac arrhythmias Antidotal Therapy: May include supportive measures Disease States: Cardiac arrhythmias, hepatic impairment, hearing loss Other Drugs: Lincomycins, digoxin, hepatotoxic medications, ototoxic medications, penicillins, xanthines, warfarin, terfenadine, astemizole, midazolam Lab Tests: Urinary catecholamines, serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Trade Name(s): EES, EMycin, Erythro Chemically Related To: Macrolides Pregnancy Category: B Medical Category: Antibacterial, antiacne agent, preoperative bowel preparation Accepted Indications : Skin and soft tissue infections, legionnaires#39; disease, gonorrhea, otitis media, sinusitis Unaccepted Indications: Viral infections Mechanism of Action: Prevents protein synthesis Absorption/Distribution: Absorbed mostly in duodenum; variable distribution Half life: 1.4{endash}2 h PO: 1{endash} 4 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Hydrolyzed to free drug in GI tract and in blood Adult Dosage: 500 mg qid Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: 7.5{endash}12.5 mg /kg qid Infant Dosage: 5 mg/kg qid Dosage Forms: Oral suspension: 200 mg/5 mL and 400 mg/5 mL; for oral suspension: 200 mg/ 5mL and 400 mg/5 mL; tablets: 400 mg; chewable tablets: 200 mg Warnings: Finish even if symptoms subside Precautions: Check with the physician if there is no improvement after several days of therapy Occasional Side Effects: Rash, itching, GI disturbances Rare Side Effects: Hearing loss Antidotal Therapy: May include gastric lavage , supportive measures, epinephrine, adrenocorticoids, antihistamines Disease States: Hearing problems, history of cardiac problems, hepatic impairment Other Drugs: Carbamazepine, cyclosporine, warfarin, xanthines, terfenadine, astemizole, theophylline, midazolam Lab Tests: Alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, serum bilirubin Administrative Notes: Pediatric drops technique should be explained and a calibrated liquid{endash}measuring device dispensed. Suspension will retain taste for 10 d after reconstitution. Dose should be taken with food to lessen GI discomfort. Erythromycin Stearate Trade Name(s): Erythrocin Stearate, Wintrocin Chemically Related To: Erythromycin Pregnancy Category: Use not recommended Medical Category: Antibacterial, antiacne agent, bowel preparation adjunct Accepted Indications: Diphtheria, preoperative bowel preparation, genitourinary tract infections, legionnaires#39; disease, skin and soft tissue infections Mechanism of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbed Half life: 1.4{endash}2 h PO: 1{endash}4 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Hepatic, renal, fecal Research Notes: Effective only against actively dividing organism; not all species or strains may be susceptible. Adult Dosage: 250 mg qid up to 4 g/d Child Dosage: 7.5{endash}12.5 mg/kg qid Infant Dosage: 7.5{endash}12.5 mg/kg qid Dosage Forms: Tablets: 250 mg and 500 mg By System: Bacterial Frequent Side Effects: GI upset Occasional Side Effects: Inflammation at injection site, oral candidiasis Rare Side Effects: Cholestatic jaundice, hearing loss Antidotal Therapy: May include epinephrine, adrenocorticoids, antihistamines, gastric lavage Disease States : Cardiac arrhythmias, hearing loss, liver problems Other Drugs: Xanthines, warfarin, hepatotoxic medications, lincomycin, digoxin, ergotamine, astemizole, theophylline, terfenadine, midazolam Lab Tests: Bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase Esmolol Trade Name(s ): Brevibloc Chemically Related To: Betablockers Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Antiadrenergic, antiarrhythmic Accepted Indications: Rapid cardiac arrhythmias (shortterm control), intraoperative and postoperative tachycardia, intraoperative and postoperative hypertension Mechanism of Action: Blocks beta1 receptors in cardiac tissue Half life: 9 min (elimination), 2 min (distribution) Peak activity: 10{endash}20 min Metabolism: Esterases in red blood cells Elimination: Renal Adult Dosage: Antiarrhythmic: loading, IV, 0.5 mg/kg for 1 min; maintenance, 0.05 mg/kg/min for 4 min, sequence may be repeated with an increment of 0.05 mg/kg/min; tachycardia or hypertension: initial, IV, 0.25{endash}0.5 mg/kg for 1 min; maintenance , IV, 0.05 mg/kg/min for 4 min, sequence may be repeated with an increment of 0.05 mg/kg/min Elderly Dosage: May require adjusted dose Child Dosage: IV: 0.05 mg/kg/min, dosage may be titrated upward every 10 min to 0.3 mg/kg/min Dosage Forms: Injection: 10 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL By System: Vascular Precautions: 250 mg/mL solution must be diluted before use Frequent Side Effects: Hypotension Occasional Side Effects: Confusion, anxiety, flushing, swelling at site of injection, reduced peripheral circulation, drowsiness, tiredness, pale skin, headache, nausea, vomiting Rare Side Effects: Bradycardia, chest pain, breathing difficulty, fainting, fever, mental depression Contraindications: Cardiac failure , cardiac shock, AV block, sinus bradycardia Overdosage: Bradycardia, dizziness, fainting, drowsiness, difficulty breathing, seizures, bluish fingernails Antidotal Therapy: May include atropine, IV lidocaine or phenytoin, IV fluids, oxygen, vasopressor, glucagon Disease States: Allergy , asthma, emphysema, CHF, diabetes mellitus Other Drugs: MAO inhibitors, insulin, xanthines, sympathomimetics, antidiabetics, digoxin, verapamil, propranolol and other beta blockers Lab Tests: Blood pressure, EKG, heart rate Estazolam Trade Name(s): ProSom Chemically Related To: Benzodiazepines Scheduled Class: IV Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Sedativehypnotic Accepted Indications: Insomnia Mechanism of Action: Mediates GABA firing Absorption/Distribution: 93% protein binding Half life: 10{endash}24 h Peak activity: 0.5{endash}6 h Elimination: Renal Adult Dosage: 1 mg; maximum 2 mg in some patients Elderly Dosage: 1 mg; small or debilitated older patients may start with 0.5 mg Child Dosage: Up to 18 y: safety and efficacy not established Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not established Dosage Forms: Tablets: 1 mg, 2 mg Warnings: Avoid alcohol; may cause daytime drowsiness Frequent Side Effects: Ataxia, drowsiness, slurred speech Occasional Side Effects: Mental depression; confusion; abdominal cramps; blurred vision; other vision changes; changes in libido; constipation; diarrhea; dry mouth; euphoria; headache; increased bronchial secretions; watering of mouth; muscle spasm; nausea; vomiting; urination problems; tachycardia; palpations; trembling; extreme tiredness or weakness Rare Side Effects: Allergic reaction, behavior problems, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, extrapyramidal effects, hepatic dysfunction, muscle weakness, paradoxical reactions, phlebitis, venous thrombosis, seizures, anemia, neutropenia, blood dyscrasias, memory impairment Contraindications: Glaucoma, myasthenia, pulmonary disease Overdosage : Confusion, bradycardia, decreased reflexes, staggering, severe weakness, drowsiness, trembling, shortness of breath, slurred speech Antidotal Therapy: May include emesis/gastric lavage, IV fluids, flumazenil Disease States: Intoxication, coma, hyperkinesis, psychoses, history of drug abuse Other Drugs: Alcohol, CNS depressants, antacids, cimetidine Lab Tests: Sodium iodide I 123, sodium iodide I 131, metyrapone Estradiol Trade Name(s): Estrace, Estraderm Chemically Related To: Estrogens Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Estrogen , oncology drug, prophylactic for osteoporosis Accepted Indications: Estrogen deficiency; uterine bleeding; carcinomas of the breast and prostate; osteoporosis (prophylaxis) Unaccepted Indications: Breast engorgement, contraception Mechanism of Action: Estrogen replacement and reduces release of gonadotropin{endash}releasing hormone from the hypothalamus Absorption/Distribution: Moderate to high protein binding; well absorbed; distributed to most body tissues Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: High affinity for fat tissue Adult Dosage: 0.5{endash}2 mg/d Elderly Dosage: No dose reduction required Child Dosage: Not recommended Infant Dosage: Not recommended Dosage Forms: Tablets: 1 mg and 2 mg; cypionate salt injection: 1 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL; valerate salt injection: 10 mg/mL, 30 mg/ mL, and 40 mg/mL; transdermal system: 50 m{mu}g and 100 m{mu}g By System: Endocrine Warnings: Possibility of relationship to endometrial and breast cancer; breastfeeding mothers should avoid this drug; possible need for extra calcium Precautions: Can hasten the premature closing of ends of bones in maturing children Frequent Side Effects: Abdominal cramping, breast tenderness, nausea Occasional Side Effects: Mild diarrhea, lightheadedness, amenorrhea, hepatitis Rare Side Effects: Breast tumors, unopposed estrogen replacement therapy increases risk of uterine cancer in postmenopausal females Contraindications: Breast cancer, bleeding from vaginal area Disease States: Hepatic function impairment, hypercalcemia, hepatitis, jaundice, thrombophlebitis Other Drugs: Hepatotoxic medications, corticotropin, cyclosporine, bromocriptine Lab Tests: Thyroid function, glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, LDL concentration Administrative Notes: Mandatory patient package insert Estramustine Phosphate Sodium Trade Name(s): Emcyt Chemically Related To: Estradiol and nitrogen mustard Scheduled Class: Unique compound Pregnancy Category: D Medical Category: Antineoplastic Accepted Indications: Prostatic carcinoma Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbed Half life: Multiphasic 20 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Biliary/fecal, renal Research Notes: Highly localized in prostatic tissue Adult Dosage: 600 mg/m2 in 3 divided daily doses Elderly Dosage: Decrease dose Dosage Forms : Capsules: 140 mg By System: Rapidly growing cells Precautions: Avoid immunizations Frequent Side Effects: Swelling of lower extremities, breast tenderness, decreased libido, diarrhea, nausea Occasional Side Effects: Insomnia, vomiting Rare Side Effects: Anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis Contraindications: Thromboembolic disorders, active thrombophlebitis Antidotal Therapy: May include gastric lavage, monitoring of liver and blood for 6 w Disease States: Asthma, heart problems, mental depression, epilepsy Other Drugs: Hepatotoxic medications, vaccines, calcium{endash}containing products , calcium products, estrogens Lab Tests: Metyrapone, induced platelet aggregability, sulfobromophthalein test, thyroid function, pyridoxine, serum folate concentrations Estrogens, Conjugated Trade Name(s): Premarin Chemically Related To: Steroids Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Systemic estrogen, antineoplastic, osteoporosis prophylactic Accepted Indications: Estrogen deficiency, atrophic vaginitis, female hypogonadism, vulvar squamous hyperplasia, primary ovarian failure, symptoms of menopause, breast carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, osteoporosis Unaccepted Indications: Postpartum breast engorgement Mechanism of Action: Estrogen replacement. Increases DNA and RNA synthesis; reduces release of gonadotropinreleasing hormone Absorption/Distribution: High distribution, especially to adipose tissue; moderate protein binding Metabolism: Hepatic, muscle, kidneys, gonads Elimination: Renal, fecal Research Notes: Has a direct effect on testes, resulting in reduced concentrations of testosterone Adult Dosage: 300 m{mu}g/d to 1.25 mg/d cyclically or continuously Child Dosage: Use with caution Dosage Forms: Tablets: 300 m{mu}g, 625 m{mu}g, 900 m{mu}g, 1.25 mg, and 2.5 mg; for injection: 25 mg; vaginal cream: 625 m{mu}g/g By System: Hormonal Warnings: May cause dental problems; stop taking drug if pregnancy suspected Precautions: Visit physician regularly Frequent Side Effects: Breast pain, edema in lower extremities, breast enlargement, cramping, skin irritation, anorexia, nausea Occasional Side Effects: Amenorrhea, breast tumor, hepatitis, diarrhea, breakthrough bleeding, menorrhagia, gallbladder obstruction, increased or decreased libido, headache, vomiting, hepatitis Rare Side Effects: Chorea, menorrhagia, unopposed estrogen replacement therapy increases risk of uterine cancer Contraindications: Breast cancer, vaginal bleeding Disease States: Endometriosis, gallbladder and liver problems, porphyria, thrombophlebitis, jaundice, hypercalcemia, uterine fibroids, coronary artery disease Other Drugs: Calcium supplements, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, hepatotoxic medications, bromocriptine, somatropin, tamoxifen, corticotropin, tobacco, somatrem Lab Tests: Metyrapone, clotting factors, glucose tolerance, triglycerides Administrative Notes: Injection not compatible with acid pH ; take with food Estrogens, Conjugated/Meprobamate Trade Name(s): PMB 200, PMB 400 Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Estrogen replacement Accepted Indications: Menopause with anxiety Adult Dosage: 1 tablet tid for 21 d courses, followed by 1 w rest periods Dosage Forms: Tablets: 0.45 mg/200 mg and 0.45 mg/400 mg Estrogens, Conjugated/Methyltestosterone Trade Name(s): Premarin with Methyltestosterone Pregnancy Category: Not recommended Medical Category: Androgen/estrogen Accepted Indications: Menopause vasomotor symptoms Adult Dosage: 1.25 mg/10 mg/d for 21 d, followed by 7 d of no medication, then 21 d of medication, etc. Dosage Forms: Tablets: 0.625 mg/5 mg and 1.25 mg/10 mg Estrogens, Esterified Trade Name (s): Estratab, Menest Chemically Related To: Estradiol; mixed compounds Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Estrogen, antineoplastic, prophylactic for osteoporosis Accepted Indications: Estrogen deficiency, ovarian failure, menopause, hormonal imbalanceinduced uterine bleeding, breast cancer, postmenopausal osteoporosis Unaccepted Indications: Postpartum breast engorgement Mechanism of Action: Increases synthesis of DNA and gonadotropin{endash}releasing hormone, leading to reduction of FSH and LH Absorption/Distribution: Distributed to most tissues Peak activity: Within 2 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Elimination is prolonged in obese patients Adult Dosage: 300 m{mu}g{endash}10 mg/d. Dose varies by indication Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: Not recommended Infant Dosage: Not recommended Dosage Forms : Tablets: 300 m{mu}g, 625 m{mu}g, 1.25 mg, and 2.5 mg By System: Endocrine Warnings: Stop medication immediately and check with physician if pregnancy is suspected Precautions: Dental problems possible Frequent Side Effects: Breast pain or tenderness, peripheral edema, abdominal cramping, anorexia, nausea Occasional Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, headache, migraine headache, vomiting Rare Side Effects: Amenorrhea, breakthrough bleeding, breast tumors, chorea, gallbladder obstruction, hepatitis, unopposed estrogen therapy increases risk of uterine cancer Contraindications: Breast cancer, vaginal bleeding Disease States: Endometriosis, gallbladder disease, hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, thrombophlebitis, uterine fibroids, hepatic porphyria Other Drugs: Adrenocorticoids, bromocriptine, calcium supplements, hepatotoxic medications, cyclosporine, somatropin, tamoxifen Lab Tests: Total serum cholesterol, calcium, clotting factors, sodium and triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose Administrative Notes: Withdrawal bleeding occurs in many postmenopausal patients with an intact uterus who receive cyclic estrogen therapy with a progestin Estrogens, Esterified/Methyltestosterone Trade Name(s) : Estratest, Estratest HS, Premarin with Methyltestosterone Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Androgenestrogen Accepted Indications: Moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause Unaccepted Indications: Postpartum breast engorgement Adult Dosage: 625 m{mu}g{endash}2.5 mg /1.25{endash}5 mg/d for 21 d courses, followed by 1 w rest periods Dosage Forms: Tablets: 0.625 mg/1.25 mg, 0.625 mg/5 mg, 1.25 mg/2.5 mg and 1.25 mg/10 mg Estrone Trade Name(s): Aquest, Estragyn 5, EstroA, Estrone `5#39;, Kestrone5, Wehgen Chemically Related To: Estrogen Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Systemic estrogen; antineoplastic Accepted Indications: Estrogen deficiency, vaginitis, ovarian failure, uterine bleeding, female hypogonadism, vulvar squamous hyperplasia, menopause, prostatic carcinoma Unaccepted Indications: Postpartum breast engorgement reduction Absorption/Distribution: Distributed to most tissues, especially adipose tissue Metabolism: Hepatic, muscle, renal, gonads Elimination: Renal, fecal Adult Dosage: Varies by indication Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: Use with caution Infant Dosage: Not established Dosage Forms: Sterile suspension: 2 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL Warnings: Protect from freezing Frequent Side Effects: Breast pain , enlargement of breasts, gynecomastia (males), peripheral edema, abdominal cramping, anorexia, nausea, skin irritation Occasional Side Effects: Amenorrhea, breakthrough bleeding, menorrhagia, spotting, breast tumors, gall bladder obstruction, hepatitis, diarrhea, headache, contact lens intolerance, decreased libido (males), increased libido (females), migraines, vomiting Contraindications: Breast cancer, vaginal bleeding Disease States: Endometriosis, jaundice, uterine fibroids, gall bladder disease, hepatic dysfunction, hypercalcemia, porphyria, thrombophlebitis, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease Other Drugs: Bromocriptine, corticosteroids, calcium supplements, corticotropin, cyclosporine, hepatotoxic medications, tobacco, somatrem, somatropin, tamoxifen Lab Tests: Glucose tolerance, metyrapone Estropipate Trade Name(s): Ogen Chemically Related To: Ethinyl estradiol Pregnancy Category : X Medical Category: Estrogen, prophylactic for osteoporosis Accepted Indications: Estrogen deficiency, atrophic vaginitis, vulvar squamous hyperplasia, primary ovarian failure, breast cancer, prostatic cancer, prostatic carcinoma Unaccepted Indications: Postpartum breast engorgement Mechanism of Action: Reduces release of gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus Absorption/Distribution: Widely distributed; settles in adipose tissue; moderate protein binding Metabolism: Hepatic, muscular, renal Elimination: Renal/fecal Research Notes: Semisynthetic compound Adult Dosage: 750 m{mu}g{endash}6 mg/d cyclically or continuously. Dose varies by indication Child Dosage: Decrease dosage Dosage Forms: Tablets: 750 m{mu}g, 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 6 mg By System: Hormonal Warnings: Stop medication if pregnancy suspected Precautions: Dental hygiene should be practiced meticulously Frequent Side Effects: Breast pain, peripheral edema, nausea, loss of appetite Occasional Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, headache, decreased libido Rare Side Effects: Amenorrhea, breast tumors, chorea, hepatitis, unopposed estrogen replacement therapy increases risk of uterine cancer Contraindications: Breast cancer, abnormal vaginal bleeding Disease States: Hypercalcemia, thrombophlebitis, endometriosis, gallbladder problems, jaundice Other Drugs: Cyclosporine, hepatotoxic medications, tamoxifen, somatropin, calcium supplements, bromocriptine Lab Tests: Fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance , metyrapone, thyroid function, platelet aggregability Ethacrynic Acid Trade Name(s): Edecrin Chemically Related To: Thiazide diuretics Pregnancy Category: B Medical Category: Diuretic, antihypertensive, antihypercalcemic Accepted Indications: Edema, hypertension, hypercalcemia Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl in loop of Henle Absorption/Distribution: High protein binding; rapidly absorbed from GI tract PO: 2 h IV: 15{endash}30 min Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal, biliary/fecal Research Notes: Oral dosage form: onset of action, 0.5 h; duration of action, 6{endash}8 h Adult Dosage: 50{endash}200 mg/d up to 400 mg/d Elderly Dosage: Greater risk of circulatory collapse and thromboembolic episodes Child Dosage: 25 mg/ d Infant Dosage: Not recommended Dosage Forms: Tablets: 25 mg and 50 mg; injection USP 50 mg By System: Cardiovascular Warnings: May increase blood glucose level Precautions: Use with caution if surgery required and in use of alcohol Frequent Side Effects: Diarrhea , loss of appetite, orthostatic hypotension Occasional Side Effects: Electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia, hypokalemia), ototoxicity, blurred vision, confusion, headache, nervousness Rare Side Effects: Blood in urine, rash, gout, thrombocytopenia, pain at site of injection Disease States : Anuria, diabetes mellitus, gout, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, hearing problems Other Drugs: Anticoagulants, lithium, hypokalemia{endash}causing medications, NSAIDs, alcohol, digitalis Lab Tests: BUN, serum uric acid, blood and urine glucose concentrations, magnesium and potassium concentrations, calcium and chloride levels Administrative Notes: Injection solution is physically incompatible with whole blood and its derivatives; drug should be taken with meals; additional potassium may be needed Ethambutol Hydrochloride Trade Name(s): Myambutol Pregnancy Category: B Medical Category : Antimycobacterial Accepted Indications: Tuberculosis Mechanism of Action: Suppresses multiplication of mycobacteria by interfering with RNA synthesis Absorption/Distribution: Rapid absorption (75{endash}80%) from GI tract; distributed everywhere except CSF; low protein binding Half life: 3{ endash}4 h PO: 2{endash}4 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal, fecal Research Notes: Therapy may be required for up to several y or indefinitely Adult Dosage: Initial treatment 500 mg{endash}2.5 g/d Elderly Dosage : Agerelated decrease in renal function may necessitate adjustment in dosage Child Dosage: Not established Infant Dosage: Not established Dosage Forms: Tablets: 100 mg and 400 mg Warnings: May cause optic neuritis Precautions: Continue medicine for full course of treatment Occasional Side Effects: Acute gout or hyperuricemia, GI disturbances, headache, confusion, and disorientation Rare Side Effects: Hypersensitivity, peripheral neuritis, retrobulbar optic neuritis Disease States: Gout, optic neuritis, renal function impairment Other Drugs: Neurotoxic medications Lab Tests: Uric acid Ethchlorvynol Trade Name(s): Placidyl Chemically Related To: Nonbarbiturate depressants Scheduled Class: IV Abuse Potential: Mild Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Sedativehypnotic Accepted Indications: Insomnia (has generally been replaced by other sedativehypnotic agents) Absorption /Distribution: Rapidly absorbed from GI tract Half life: 10{endash}20 h PO: Within 2 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Adult Dosage: 500 mg{endash}1 g Elderly Dosage: Dosage should be decreased Dosage Forms: Capsules: 200 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg By System: CNS subcortical nuclei Warnings: Medication should not be used for periods exceeding 1 w Frequent Side Effects: Blurred vision, dizziness or lightheadedness, indigestion, nausea or vomiting, numbness of face, stomach pain , unpleasant aftertaste, extreme tiredness or weakness Occasional Side Effects: Paradoxical excitation reaction, thrombocytopenia Rare Side Effects: Cholestatic jaundice, withdrawal symptoms Overdosage: Continuing confusion, severe weakness, shortness of breath or slow and troubled breathing, slurred speech, staggering, bradycardia Antidotal Therapy: May include supportive measures Disease States: Alcoholism, drug abuse, hepatic or renal function impairment, mental depression, uncontrolled pain, porphyria Other Drugs: Alcohol, CNS antidepressants, anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants Ethinamate Trade Name(s): Valmid Scheduled Class: IV Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Sedativehypnotic Accepted Indications: Shortterm insomnia (has generally been replaced by other sedativehypnotic agents) Mechanism of Action: Unknown Absorption/Distribution: Rapidly absorbed Half life: 2.5 h Elimination: Renal Adult Dosage: 500 mg{endash}1 g 20 min before bedtime Child Dosage: Up to 15 y: not established Infant Dosage: Not established Dosage Forms: Capsules: 500 mg Frequent Side Effects: Allergic reaction Occasional Side Effects: Indigestion, abdominal pain Rare Side Effects: Daytime drowsiness, thrombocytopenia Overdosage: Bradycardia, slurred speech, confusion Antidotal Therapy: May include IV fluids, charcoal, dialysis Disease States: Alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, intractable pain Other Drugs: Alcohol, CNS depressants Lab Tests: Phentolamine, urinary steroid Ethinyl Estradiol Trade Name(s): Estinyl Chemically Related To: Diethylstilbestrol Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Systemic estrogen, antineoplastic, prophylactic for osteoporosis Accepted Indications: Estrogen deficiency, atrophic vaginitis, female hypogonadism, symptoms of menopause, breast and prostatic carcinoma, osteoporosis (prophylaxis) Unaccepted Indications: Postpartum breast engorgement, postcoital contraceptive Mechanism of Action: Estrogen replacement. Reduces the release of gonadotropin{endash}releasing hormone leading to a reduction in release of FSH and LH Absorption/Distribution: Distributed to most tissues ; higher affinity for adipose tissue; moderate to high protein binding Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: 65% renal; some percentage fecal Research Notes: May predispose patient to bleeding of gingival tissue Adult Dosage: 50 m{mu}g{endash}3 mg/ d. Dose varies by indication Elderly Dosage: No demonstration of specific problems Child Dosage: May accelerate epiphyseal closure; should be used with caution in children and adolescents in whom bone growth is not complete Infant Dosage: Not recommended Dosage Forms: Tablets: 20 m {mu}g, 50 m{mu}g, and 500 m{mu}g By System: Endocrine Warnings: Stop medication immediately and check with physician if pregnancy is suspected Frequent Side Effects: Breast pain or tenderness, peripheral edema, gynecomastia, abdominal cramping, anorexia, nausea Occasional Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, headache, intolerance to contact lenses, migraine headache Rare Side Effects: Amenorrhea, gallbladder obstruction, hepatitis, chorea, increased risk of uterine cancer if unopposed estrogen replacement therapy is used Contraindications: Breast cancer, abnormal and unexplained vaginal bleeding, thrombophlebitis Disease States: Endometriosis, gallbladder disease, hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, thrombophlebitis, uterine fibroids Other Drugs: Adrenocorticoids, bromocriptine, calcium supplements, hepatotoxic medications, somatropin, tamoxifen Lab Tests: Fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, thyroid function, calcium Administrative Notes: Administer lowest effective dose Ethinyl Estradiol/Ethynodiol Diacetate Trade Name(s): Demulen 1/3521, 1/3528, 1/5021, 1/5028 Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Systemic contraceptive, estrogenprogestin Accepted Indications: Pregnancy prophylaxis, endometriosis, female hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome Unaccepted Indications: Pregnancy test, treatment of threatened or habitual abortion Adult Dosage: 21 d cycle: 1 tablet/d for 21 d; 28 d cycle: 1 tablet/d for 28 d Dosage Forms: Tablets: 35 m{mu}g/1 mg and 50 m{mu}g/1 mg Ethinyl Estradiol/Levonorgestrel Trade Name(s): Levlen 21 , 28; Nordette21, 28; TriLevlen 21, 28; Triphasil 21, 28 Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Systemic contraceptive, estrogenprogestin Accepted Indications: Pregnancy prophylaxis, endometriosis, female hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome Unaccepted Indications : Pregnancy test, treatment of threatened or habitual abortion Adult Dosage: 21 d cycle: 1 tablet/d for 21 d; 28 d cycle: 1 tablet/d for 28 d Dosage Forms: Tablets: monophasic formula: 30 m{mu}g /150 m{mu}g; triphasic formula also available Ethinyl Estradiol/Norethindrone Trade Name(s): Brevicon, Genora, Jenest, Loestrin, ModiCon, Nelova, Norethin, Norinyl, OrthoNovum, Ovcon, Synphasic, TriNorinyl Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Oral contraceptive Accepted Indications: Pregnancy prophylaxis, hypermenorrhea Adult Dosage: 21 day cycle: 1 tablet/d for 21 d; 28 day cycle: 1 tablet/d for 28 d Dosage Forms: Monophasic 21 d cycle formula: 35 m{mu}g/400 m{mu}g; 35 m{mu}g/500 m{mu}g; 35 m{mu}g/1 mg and 50 m{mu}g/1 mg; biphasic and triphasic formulas also available Ethinyl Estradiol/Norgestrel Trade Name(s): Lo/Ovral, Ovral Pregnancy Category: X Medical Category: Systemic contraceptive, estrogenprogestin, postcoital contraceptive Accepted Indications: Pregnany prophylaxis, endometriosis, female hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome Unaccepted Indications: Pregnancy test, treatment of threatened or habitual abortion Adult Dosage: 21 d cycle: 1 tablet/d for 21 d; 28 d cycle: 1 tablet for 28 d Dosage Forms: Tablets: 30 m{mu}g/300 m{ mu}g and 50 m{mu}g/500 m{mu}g Ethionamide Trade Name(s): TrecatorSC Chemically Related To: Unique compound Pregnancy Category: Not recommended Medical Category: Antimycobacterial Accepted Indications: Tuberculosis Mechanism of Action: Inhibits peptide synthesis Absorption/Distribution: Rapidly absorbed; widely distributed in most tissues and fluids Half life: 3 h PO: 1.8 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Not all species or strains of a particular organism may be susceptible to ethionamide Adult Dosage: 250 mg{endash}1 g/d Child Dosage: Up to 750 mg Infant Dosage: Same as child dose Dosage Forms: Tablets: 250 mg Warnings: Finish entire prescription even if symptoms subside; should be administered concurrently with other antitubercular drugs Precautions: Use caution if blurred vision or loss of vision occurs; take pyridoxine concurrently to prevent or minimize signs of peripheral neuritis Frequent Side Effects: GI disturbances, orthostatic hypotension Occasional Side Effects: Gynecomastia, hepatitis or jaundice, peripheral neuritis, psychiatric disturbances Rare Side Effects: Goiter or hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia, optic neuritis, rash Disease States: Diabetes mellitus, severe hepatic function impairment Other Drugs: Cycloserine, neurotoxic medications, pyridoxine Lab Tests: Serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase Administrative Notes: Take with food if GI irritation occurs Ethopropazine Hydrochloride Trade Name(s): Parsidol Chemically Related To: Phenothiazines Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Antidyskinetic Accepted Indications: Parkinsonism, extrapyramidal reactions, athetosis Mechanism of Action: Blocks central cholinergic receptors to balance cholinergic and dopaminergic receptor activity Absorption/Distribution : Well absorbed from GI tract PO: 4 h Adult Dosage: 50{endash}600 mg/d Elderly Dosage: May predispose elderly patients to glaucoma; memory may become severely impaired Child Dosage: Not established Infant Dosage: Not established Dosage Forms: Tablets : 10 mg and 50 mg By System: CNS, subcortical nuclei Warnings: Avoid alcohol and CNS depressants; avoid use of antacids or antidiarrheal medication within 1 h of taking medication Precautions: May increase eye sensitivity to bright light; use caution during exercise and hot weather Frequent Side Effects: Mild anticholinergic effects (blurred vision, constipation, decreased sweating, painful urination, nausea or vomiting, dry mouth) Occasional Side Effects: Headache, memory loss, muscle cramps, hypotension, sore tongue Rare Side Effects: Confusion, increased intraocular pressure Overdosage: Anticholinergic effects, CNS depression or stimulation, psychosis Antidotal Therapy: May include emesis/gastric lavage; physostigmine; diazepam and pilocarpine Disease States: Cardiac arrhythmias, tardive dyskinesia, extrapyramidal reactions, hypertension, myasthenia gravis, urinary retention Other Drugs: Alcohol, CNS depressants, anticholinergics, MAO inhibitors, antacids, chlorpromazine, adsorbent antidiarrheals Administrative Notes: When drug is to be discontinued, dose should be reduced gradually to prevent sudden increase in adverse symptoms Ethosuximide Trade Name(s): Zarontin Pregnancy Category: Problems in humans not documented Medical Category: Anticonvulsant Accepted Indications: Absence seizure pattern, epilepsy Mechanism of Action: May increase seizure threshold Absorption/Distribution: Rapid and complete, distributed to all body tissues except fat Half life: 56{endash}60 h PO: 3{endash}7 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Adult Dosage: 15{endash}30 mg/kg/d up to 1.5 g/d Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: Under 6 y: 15{endash}40 mg/kg/d; 6 y and over: same as adult dose Infant Dosage: 15{endash}40 mg/kg/d Dosage Forms: Capsules: 250 mg; syrup: 250 mg/5 mL Frequent Side Effects: Anorexia, ataxia , hiccups, StevensJohnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, dizziness, headache, stomach cramps Occasional Side Effects: Irritability, mental depression, difficult concentration, nightmares, unusual tiredness Rare Side Effects: Blood dyscrasias, leukopenia, aplastic anemia, eosinophilia, tonic clonic convulsions, mood changes, rash Overdosage: CNS depression, severe nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression Antidotal Therapy: May include emesis, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, cathartics Disease States: Blood dyscrasias, hepatic function impairment, renal function impairment, porphyria Other Drugs : CNS depressants, haloperidol Lab Tests: Blood cell counts Ethynodiol Diacetate Trade Name(s): Not available as a single agent Chemically Related To: Progesterones Medical Category: Progestin Accepted Indications: When used in combination with estrogens: pregnancy prophylaxis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome Mechanism of Action: Suppresses ovulation by inhibiting secretion of FSH and LH Absorption/Distribution: Readily absorbed from GI tract Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Etodolac Trade Name(s): Lodine Chemically Related To: Aspirin Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: NSAID, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic Accepted Indications: Pain and osteoarthritis Unaccepted Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins Absorption/Distribution: Rapidly absorbed; extensively distributed; very high protein binding Half life: Approximately 1 h PO : 25{endash}180 min Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Duration of action 4{endash}5 h; onset of action within 30 min Adult Dosage: 400 mg bid or tid Elderly Dosage: NSAIDinduced side effects more dangerous to the elderly Child Dosage: Not established Infant Dosage: Not established Dosage Forms: Capsules: 200 mg and 300 mg By System: CNS Warnings: Alcohol use can increase GI irritation Precautions: Sensitivity to light possible; increased chance of bleeding if surgery is required Occasional Side Effects: Lightheadedness, headache, tinnitus, constipation, vomiting, gastric irritation Rare Side Effects: Hypertension, edema, GI bleeding Contraindications: Nasal polyps Overdosage: Lethargy, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, GI hemorrhage, acute renal failure, convulsions, coma Antidotal Therapy: Do not use ipecac but induce vomiting with activated charcoal; monitor vital signs Disease States: Asthma; peptic ulcer; diabetes; systemic lupus erythematosus; renal or hepatic impairment Other Drugs: Anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents, additional NSAIDs Lab Tests : Bleeding times, liver function tests Administrative Notes: Concurrent use with a narcotic allows less narcotic to be used and increases control of pain; food slows absorption of the drug, but peak activity is not affected Etoposide Trade Name(s): VePesid Chemically Related To: Unique compound Pregnancy Category: D Medical Category: Antineoplastic Accepted Indications: Testicular, lung and bladder carcinomas; Hodgkin#39;s and nonHodgkin#39;s lymphomas; acute myelocytic leukemia; Ewing#39;s sarcoma; Kaposi# 39;s sarcoma Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA synthesis Absorption/Distribution: Variable bioavailability; high protein binding Half life: 7 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal, fecal, biliary Research Notes: Cell cycledependent; phasespecific Adult Dosage: Lung cancer small cell: oral: 70 mg/m2/d for 4 d to 100 mg/m2 for 5 d; repeat every 3{endash}4 w Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Dosage Forms: Capsules: 50 mg; for injection : 20 mg/mL By System: Rapidly growing tissues Warnings: Avoid immunizations; in combination therapy, take each medication at right time Precautions: Take medication even with GI distress Frequent Side Effects: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, hair loss Occasional Side Effects: Stomatitis, tiredness, diarrhea Rare Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, chemical phlebitis, neurotoxicity Disease States: Bone marrow depression, chickenpox, infection, liver/kidney problems, herpes zoster Other Drugs: Blood dyscrasia{endash}causing medications, live virus vaccines, bone marrow depressants, radiation therapy Administrative Notes: Dilute injection with 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride Etretinate Trade Name(s): Tegison Chemically Related To: Unique compound Pregnancy Category: X, major teratogenic risk Medical Category: Antipsoriatic Accepted Indications : Psoriasis, keratinization disorders, oral lichen planus Mechanism of Action: Normalization of epidermis Absorption/Distribution: Absorbed in small intestine; distributed especially to adipose tissue; high protein binding Half life: 120 d PO: 2{endash}6 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Biliary, renal Research Notes: To treat relapses, give same dosage as used in first treatment Adult Dosage: 750 m{mu}g{endash}1 mg/kg/d up to 1.5 mg/kg/d Child Dosage: Do not use unless all other therapies have failed Infant Dosage: Do not use unless all other therapies have failed Dosage Forms: Capsules: 10 mg and 25 mg By System: Dermatologic Warnings: May cause dizziness and blurred vision; do not take if pregnant Precautions: Avoid sun/sun lamp Frequent Side Effects: Joint pain, muscle cramps, chapped lips, headache, nosebleed, tiredness Occasional Side Effects: Double vision, hepatitis, earache, dizziness, nausea, sore tongue Rare Side Effects: Amnesia, anxiety, confusion, bleeding gums, ear infection, photophobia Disease States: Heart or liver problems, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia Other Drugs: Alcohol, medicated soaps and cleansers, acne preparations with peeling agent, vitamin A, tetracyclines, photosensitizing medications Lab Tests: White blood cell counts, fasting blood glucose, BUN, platelet counts, serum cholesterol, HDLs, red blood cell counts Administrative Notes: Take with milk or fatty foods. Avoid pregnancy and do not donate blood for 2 years or longer after discontinuing drug. Rule out pregnancy before use. Ensure reliable contraception. Famotidine Trade Name(s): Pepcid Chemically Related To: Cimetidine Pregnancy Category: B Medical Category: Histamine H2 receptor antagonist, antiulcer agent, gastric acid secretion inhibitor Accepted Indications: Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, hypersecretory conditions, ZollingerEllison syndrome, mastocytosis, adenoma Unaccepted Indications: Minor digestive complaints Mechanism of Action: Competitive inhibition of histamine Absorption/Distribution: Rapid, incomplete absorption; low protein binding Half life: 2.5{endash}3.5 h PO: 1{endash}3 h IV: 0.5 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Research Notes: Onset of action, 1 h Adult Dosage: 40{endash}80 mg/d Child Dosage: Tablets and oral suspension: more than 10 kg: 1{endash}2 mg /kg/d in 2 divided doses; less than 10 kg: 1{endash}2 mg/kg/d in 3 divided doses; Injection: not established Dosage Forms: Tablets: 20 mg and 40 mg; injection: 10 mg/mL ; for oral suspension, 40 mg/5 mL By System: GI Warnings: Avoid alcohol; discontinue smoking Precautions: Consult physician if condition continues Occasional Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, headache Rare Side Effects: Bradycardia, tightness in chest, fever, thrombocytopenia Antidotal Therapy: No specific antidote; supportive treatment may include emesis/gastric lavage, IV diazepam, atropine, lidocaine Disease States: Cirrhosis, kidney/liver problems Other Drugs: Bone marrow depressants, ketoconazole, sucralfate Lab Tests: Gastric acid secretion test; skin tests with allergen extracts; transaminase Administrative Notes: Treatment rarely continues beyond 8 w; avoid food that causes gastric irritation Felodipine Trade Name(s): Plendil, Renedil Chemically Related To: Calcium channel blockers Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Antianginal, antihypertensive Accepted Indications: Angina, hypertension, Raynaud#39;s phenomenon Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion entry Absorption/Distribution: Almost completely absorbed Half life: Polyphasic 11{endash}16 h (terminal) PO: 2.5{endash}5 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal, biliary/fecal Research Notes: Onset of action, 2{endash}5 h; duration of action, 24 h Adult Dosage: Antihypertensive, initial: 5 mg once daily, dosage adjusted as needed; maintenance: 5{endash }10 mg once daily. Antianginal, 10 mg once daily Elderly Dosage: Lower dosage may be required Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not established Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not established Dosage Forms: Extendedrelease tablets: 5 mg and 10 mg By System: Vascular Frequent Side Effects: Peripheral edema, headache Occasional Side Effects: Rash, angina, tachycardia, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, flushing, feeling of warmth, nausea, extreme tiredness Rare Side Effects: Hypotension, gingival hyperplasia, mental depression, dry mouth Contraindications: Hypotension, heart failure, liver impairment, acute myocardial infarction Disease States: Bradycardia Other Drugs: Hydrocarbon inhalation anesthetics, NSAIDs, cimetidine, estrogens, hypotension{endash}producing medications, lithium, prazosin, procainamide, quinidine, medications prolonging QT interval , sympathomimetics Lab Tests: EKG, QT interval, Twave, prolactin Fenoprofen Calcium Trade Name(s): Nalfon Chemically Related To: Aspirin Pregnancy Category: B Medical Category: Antirheumatic, analgesic, antigout Accepted Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, pain, acute attacks of gout or calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which prevents the formation of prostaglandins Absorption/Distribution: Rapid absorption Half life: 3 h (elimination) Peak activity: 1{endash}2 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal Adult Dosage: 800{endash}2400 mg/d Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dosage Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not established Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not established Dosage Forms: Capsules: 200 mg and 300 mg; tablets: 600 mg By System: Pain receptor mediation in peripheral nervous system and CNS Frequent Side Effects: Dermatitis Occasional Side Effects: Confusion, GI irritation Rare Side Effects: Edema, arrhythmia, convulsions, mental depression, dermatitis, necrolysis, StevensJohnson syndrome, peptic ulcer Contraindications: Anemia or asthma Disease States: Nasal polyps, asthma, peptic ulcer, hypertension, sepsis, hemophilia, renal function impairment, stomatitis, bronchospasm, systemic lupus erythematosus Other Drugs: Acetaminophen , potassium supplements, antacids, insulin, triamterene, aspirin, radiation therapy, colchicine, gold compounds, methotrexate, nephrotoxic medications, verapamil, phenobarbital, platelet aggregation inhibitors, probenecid Lab Tests: Bleeding time, serum potassium concentrations, liver function Administrative Notes: Fenoprofen excreted in breast milk in very small quantities; use caution in patients with genitourinary tract problems Fentanyl (Transdermal) Trade Name(s): Duragesic, Sublimaze Chemically Related To: Meperidine Scheduled Class: II Abuse Potential: High Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Analgesic Accepted Indications: Chronic pain Unaccepted Indications: Acute, mild, or intermittent pain Mechanism of Action: Binds with stereospecific receptors at many sites within the CNS, alters processes affecting perception and emotional response to pain Absorption/Distribution: Some fentanyl released relatively rapidly, most located in reservoir layer Half life: 17 h (single application), 13{endash}31 h (multiple applications) Peak activity: 24{endash}72 h Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Renal, fecal Research Notes: Onset of action, 12 {endash}24 h; duration of action, 72 h Adult Dosage: Topical to skin of torso q72h Elderly Dosage: Lower dosage may be required Child Dosage: Up to 18 y: safety and efficacy not established Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not established Dosage Forms: Transdermal system: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, and 10 mg By System: CNS Warnings: Do not operate dangerous machinery Frequent Side Effects: Apnea, CNS depression, difficulty in breathing, hypoventilation, hallucinations, urinary retention, anxiety , confusion, GI effects, headache, itching, nausea, sweating, vomiting Occasional Side Effects: Chest pain; CNS effects; arrhythmia; localized skin reaction; spitting of blood; agitation; hypotension; bloated feeling; burning, tingling, or crawling sensation in the skin; memory loss; unusual dreams Rare Side Effects: Abdominal distention, amblyopia, bladder pain, bradycardia, urination cessation, CNS toxicity, exfoliative dermatitis, fluidfilled blisters, urge to urinate, respiratory problems, asthma Overdosage: Cold, clammy skin ; confusion; convulsions; dizziness; drowsiness; nervousness; restlessness; weakness; hypotension; pinpoint pupils; bradycardia; troubled breathing; unconsciousness Antidotal Therapy: May include removal of transdermal system; administration of naloxone, atropine, IV fluids Disease States: Diarrhea associated with pseudomembranous colitis; diarrhea caused by poisoning; acute respiratory depression; acute asthma; respiratory impairment; inflammatory bowel disease, head injury, arrhythmias Other Drugs: Alcohol, CNS depressants, naltrexone, opioid analgesics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors Administrative Notes: Shortacting opioid may be applied during first 24 h Fentanyl Citrate Trade Name(s): Sublimaze Scheduled Class: II Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Anesthesia adjunct, analgesic Accepted Indications: General anesthesia adjunct, postoperative pain Mechanism of Action: Affects perception and emotional response to pain Half life: Triphasic, 1.7 min{endash}3.6 h IM: 20{endash}30 min IV: 3{endash}5 min Metabolism: Hepatic Elimination: Hepatic Research Notes: Onset of action, 1{endash}2 min IV, 7 {endash}15 min IM; duration of action, 0.5{endash}1 h IV; 1{endash}2 h IM Adult Dosage: Up to 150 m{mu}g/kg as primary anesthetic in major surgery; 2{endash} 50 m{mu}g as anesthesia adjunct Elderly Dosage: Lower dosage required Child Dosage: 2{endash}12 y: IV, 2{endash}3 m{mu}g/kg Infant Dosage: Up to 2 y: not established Dosage Forms: Injection: 50 m{mu}g/mL Frequent Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting Occasional Side Effects: Arrhythmia, confusion, biliary spasm, blurred vision, constipation, ureteral spasm Rare Side Effects: Bronchospasm, circulatory depression, convulsions, dermatitis, dysesthesia, laryngospasm, mental depression, paradoxical CNS excitation Overdosage: Cold, clammy skin; dizziness; drowsiness; restlessness; pinpoint pupils; weakness Antidotal Therapy: May include atropine, naloxone, IV fluids, vasopressors Disease States: Bradyarrhythmias, compromised cardiac reserve, head injury, hepatic function impairment, cirrhosis, renal function impairment, respiratory impairment, hypothyroidism Other Drugs: Benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, CNS depressants, hepatic enzyme inhibitors, naltrexone, MAO inhibitors Ferrous Fumarate Trade Name(s) : Feostat Drops, Feostat, Fumerin, Hemocyte, Ircon, SpanFF Chemically Related To: Iron Pregnancy Category: A Medical Category: Antianemia Accepted Indications: Iron deficiency anemia Mechanism of Action: Provides elemental iron Absorption/Distribution: Absorption increased when stores depleted ; high protein binding Metabolism: Stored in blood and liver Research Notes: Contains 33% elemental ferrous iron Adult Dosage: 600{endash}800 mg/d Child Dosage: Extendedrelease capsules not recommended; oral solution, oral suspension, tablets: 3 {endash}9 mg/kg/d Dosage Forms: Extendedrelease capsules: 325 mg; oral solution: 45 mg/0.6 mL; oral suspension: 100 mg/5 mL; tablets: 63 mg, 195 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg and 325 mg; chewable tablets: 100 mg Warnings: Keep out of reach of children; elderly may require increased dosage Precautions: Post number of poison control center and emergency room; infants are sensitive to iron accumulation Frequent Side Effects: Abdominal pain, cramping , constipation, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, allergic reaction, backache or muscle pain, dizziness, chills, fever, headache Occasional Side Effects: Dark urine, stained teeth, heartburn Rare Side Effects: Contact irritation Contraindications: Hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, anemic conditions Overdosage : Diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting, bluish lips, fingernails, drowsiness, convulsions, tachycardia Antidotal Therapy: May include syrup of ipecac/emesis, IV sodium bicarbonate, deferoxamine administered slowly IM or IV, exchange transfusion, maintain fluidelectrolyte balance Disease States: Alcoholism, asthma, liver or kidney problems, peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis Other Drugs: Acetohydroxamine acid, etidronate, dimercaprol, tetracyclines, zinc supplements, cimetidine Lab Tests: Bilirubin, calcium, iron concentrations, skeletal imaging, occult blood in stools Administrative Notes: Warn patients or caregivers of toxic effects of overdose, especially in children; patients should eat lean red meat for additional iron Ferrous Fumarate/Folic Acid Trade Name(s): Fumatinic, HemocyteF, IrconFA Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Hematinic Accepted Indications: Anemia Adult Dosage: 100{endash}200 mg/d in 3 divided doses Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: 6 m{endash}2 y: up to 6 mg/kg/d in 3 {endash}4 divided doses; 2{endash}12 y: 3 mg/kg/d in 3{endash}4 divided doses Infant Dosage: 10{endash}25 mg/d in 3{endash}4 divided doses Dosage Forms: Tablet: 82 mg/0.8 mg; 90 mg/1 mg; and 106.9 mg/1 mg Ferrous Fumarate/Folic Acid/Multivitamins Trade Name(s): Hemocyte Plus, NephroVite Rx and FE, Parulex, TheragenerixH, Theragran Hematinic, Vitafol, Zodeac100 Pregnancy Category: C Medical Category: Hematinic Accepted Indications: Anemia Adult Dosage: 100{endash}200 mg/d in 3 divided doses Elderly Dosage: Same as adult dose Child Dosage: 6 m{endash}2y : up to 6 mg/kg/d in 3{endash}4 divided doses; 2{endash}12 y: 3 mg/kg/d in 34 divided doses Infant Dosage: 10{endash}25 mg/d in 3 {endash}4 divided doses Dosage Forms: Tablets: 60 mg/1 mg, 65 mg/1 mg, 66.7 mg/0.33 mg, 100 mg/ 0.1 mg, 100 mg/1 mg, 106 mg/1 mg Ferrous Gluconatelt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Fergon, Ferralet, Simronlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Ironlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antianemiclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Iron deficiency anemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Iron transported to bone marrow for red blood cell productionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 6 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: No elimination system existslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Capsules: 325 mg qid to a maximum of 650 mg qid; elixir: 300 mg qid to a maximum of 650 mg qid; syrup: 300{endash}600 mg qid; tablets: 325{endash}650 mg qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Elderly Dosage: May require larger doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: 8 mg/kg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms : Capsules: 86 mg and 325 mg; elixir: 300 mg/5 mL; tablets: 300 mg, 320 mg, and 325 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Hemiclt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Cramping, soreness, nausea, diarrhealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Constipationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Hemochromatosis, hemosiderosislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: Bluishcolored fingertips, clammy skin, tachycardia, diarrhealt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include transfer to emergency room, ipecac, deferoxaminelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Alcoholism, asthma, peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Acetohydroxamic acid, dimercaprol, etidronate, tetracyclineslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Bilirubin, skeletal imaginglt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Ferrous Sulfatelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Feosol, FerInSol, FeroGradumetlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Ironlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antianemiclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Iron deficiency anemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Increases oxygen transport in the bloodlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Absorption increases when iron in body depletedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 6 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: No physiologic system of elimination; recycles itselflt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Contains 20% elemental ferrous ironlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 300 mg once or twice dailylt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Extended release and entericcoated forms not recommended; other forms: 5{endash}30 mg/kg/d 1{endash}3 times dailylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Dried capsules: 159 mg and 190 mg; extendedrelease capsules: 150 mg and 250 mg; elixir: 220 mg/5 mL; oral solution: 75 mg/0.6 mL, 90 mg /5 mL, and 125 mg/mL; tablets: 195 mg, 300 mg and 325 mg; dried tablets: 200 mg; entericcoated tablets: 300 mg and 325 mg; extendedrelease tablets: 525 mg; dried extendedrelease tablets: 160 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Systemiclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Overdose may be very toxic, especially in children; extreme caution in neonates; elderly may require increased doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Post numbers of emergency and poison control centerslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Frequent Side Effects: Stomach cramps, constipation, diarrhea, nausea/vomitinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Dark urine, stained teeth, heartburnlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Contact irritationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, anemia conditionslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage : Diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting, bluish lips and fingernails, convulsions, tachycardia, crampinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: Immediate medical treatment, may include syrup of ipecac/gastric lavage, IV sodium bicarbonate, deferoxaminelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Alcoholism, asthma, hepatitis, peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Acetohydroxamic acid, oral tetracyclines, dimercaprol, etidronate, alcohollt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Glucose oxidase, occult blood in serum, bilirubin, calcium concentrations, skeletal imaginglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Ferrous sulfate dried extendedrelease tablets can leave a wax matrix, which is detectable in stool; take iron supplements on an empty stomach if possiblelt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Ferrous Sulfate/Fluoride/Multivitaminslt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Florvite {plus} Iron; PolyViFlor with Iron; ViDaylin/F {plus} Ironlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Hematiniclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Anemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Varies by fluoride content of drinking waterlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Varies by fluoride content of drinking waterlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Chewable tablets: 12 mg/1 mg; tablets: 12 mg/1 mg; drops: 10 mg/1 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Ferrous Sulfate/Folic Acid/Multivitaminslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Trade Name(s): FeroFolic500, IberetFolic500lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Medical Category: Hematiniclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Anemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 100{endash}200 mg in 3 divided doseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Same as adult doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: 6 m{endash}2 y : up to 6 mg/kg/d in 3{endash}4 divided doses; 2{endash}12 y: 3 mg/kg/d in 3{endash}4 divided doseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: 10{endash}25 mg/d in 3{endash}4 divided doseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 105 mg/0.8 mg and 105 mg/0.2 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fibrinolysinlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Not available as a single agentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Protein enzymes; derived from bovine plasma lytic enzymelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Thrombolytic enzymelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Attacks fibrin of blood clots and fibrinous exudateslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Acts mainly against denatured protein found in devitalized tissue; ignores healthy proteinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o :pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Filgrastimlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Neupogenlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Biogenic productlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Hematopoietic stimulant, antineutropeniclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Chemotherapyrelated, AIDSassociated, druginduced neutropenia; myeloid engraftment; enhancing of progenitor cellslt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Acts on hematopoietic cells to stimulate proliferationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Rapidly absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: Elimination 3.5 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Peak activity: SQ 2{endash}8 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Action begins within 5 min of IV administrationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: IV or SQ 5 m{mu}g/kg once daily increased if necessarylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Same as adult doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Not establishedlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Injection: 300 m{mu}g/mLlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Hematopoietic stimulantlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Do not shake medicationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Call physician at first sign of infectionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Frequent Side Effects: Pain in muscles, headache, itchinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Leukocytosis, pain at injection sitelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Rare Side Effects: Sweet#39;s syndrome, vasculitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Autoimmune disease, inflammatory conditions, sensitivity to Escherichia coli{endash}derived proteins , sepsis, heart problemslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Blood pressure, uric acid serum concentrations, lactic dehydrogenaselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes : Contains no preservatives; should be discarded 6 h after thawinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Finasteridelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Proscarlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: 4 Azasteroidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Xlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antiprostate enlargementlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Benign prostatic hyperplasia with associated urinary obstructionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Competitive inhibitor of steroid 5a{alpha}reductaselt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: High protein binding; crosses bloodbrain barrierlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renal/fecallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Potential risk to male fetuslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage : 5 mg once dailylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Filmcoated tablets: 5 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Prostate tissuelt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Not intended for use by women or childrenlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Digital rectal examinations should be done; elimination rate decreased in elderly patientslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Impotence, decreased libidolt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Liver problemslt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Serum prostatespecific antigenlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: 6{endash}12 m of therapy may be necessary to see whether response beneficiallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flavoxate Hydrochloridelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Urispaslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Unique compoundlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Blt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antispasmodic (urinary tract)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Accepted Indications: Urologic disorders or symptoms, irritative voidinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Relaxant effect on smooth musclelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 2 hlt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: If urinary tract infection is present, antibacterial drugs should be initiatedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 100{endash}200 mg tid or qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets 100 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Genitourinary systemlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Drowsiness, blurred vision; confusion more likely to occur in elderlylt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Overheating could cause heat stroke; dry mouth possiblelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Drowsiness, dry mouth and throatlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Constipation, difficulty voiding, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, nervousness, increased sweatinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Confusion, hypersensitivity, leukopenia , increased intraocular pressurelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: Anticholinergic effects (clumsiness, dizziness, fever, flushing, respiratory distress)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Antidotal Therapy: May include emesis or gastric lavage, slurry of activated charcoal, shortacting barbiturates, phenathiazineslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: GI tract obstruction, glaucoma, obstructive uropathy, paralytic ileuslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Nutrition: If GI upset, take with foodlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Reduce dosage as symptoms improve; if GI upset occurs, take with foodlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Flecainide Acetatelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Tambocorlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Lidocainelt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antiarrhythmiclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications : Supraventricular arrhythmia, prophylaxis; ventricular arrhythmiaslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Less severe arrhythmias, chronic atrial fibrillationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Membrane stabilizing effect; decreases rate of rise of the action potentiallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Almost completely absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Half life: 20 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 3 hlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renal, fecallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Has local anesthetic activitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 50 mg q12h increased to a maximum of 400 mg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Safety not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Cardiovascularlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Dizzinesslt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Blurred vision, dizzinesslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Arrhythmias, anxiety, depression, constipation, headache, nausea/vomiting, weakness, chest pain, CHFlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Hepatic disorderlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: AV block, bifascicular block without a pacemakerlt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include oxygen, mechanical respiration, circulatory assistance, dopamine, cardiovascular defibrillationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Renal impairment, cardiogenic shock, CHF, liver problems, sick sinus syndrome, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, myocardial infarctionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Digoxin, bone marrow depressants, antiarrhythmics, betaadrenergic blockerslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: EKG changeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Floxuridinelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): FUDRlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Pregnancy Category: Dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antineoplasticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Regional intraarterial infusion to treat carcinomas, including breast, hepatic, GI, ovarian, cervical, bladder, renal, and prostaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA, RNA synthesislt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Some crossing of bloodbrain barrierlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Elimination: Respiratory, renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Intraarterial: 100{endash}600 m{mu}g/kg/d for 14{endash}21 d, rest period of 2 w between courseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: May require lower doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Sterile injection: 500 mglt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Protect from lightlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Aphthous stomatitis, enteritislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: GI ulceration, esophagopharyngitis, glossitis, nausea, vomiting, scaling of hands and feet, loss of appetite, rash, itching, thinning of hairlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Leukopenia, infection, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, anemia, difficulty in walkinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Chickenpox, herpes zoster, hepatitis, infectionlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Bone marrow depression, hepatic function impairment, renal function impairmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Bone marrow depressants, live virus vaccineslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Platelet count, hematocritlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt ;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluconazolelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Diflucanlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Ketoconazolelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antifungallt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Cryptococcal meningitis, candidiasislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Fungistatic, interferes with cytochrome P450 activitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbed; widely distributed throughout body and in CSFlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 20{endash}50 hlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 1{endash}2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;IV: 1{endash}2 h (intraperitoneal)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Oral fluconazole is almost completely bioavailable; the daily lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt ; dose is the same as the IV doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 200{endash}400 mg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Elderly Dosage: Same as adult doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: 3{endash}6 mg/kg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Infant Dosage: Not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg; injection: 200 mg and 400 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Reduce dose in patients with renal dysfunctionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: GI disturbances (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), headachelt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Exfoliative skin disorders, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Hepatic and renal function impairmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Oral antidiabetic agents, cyclosporine, phenytoin, rifampin, warfarin, theophyllinelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Bilirubinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flucytosinelt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Ancobonlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Systemic antifungallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Fungal endocarditis, fungal meningitis, fungal pneumonia, fungal septicemia, fungal urinary tract infectionslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Mechanism of Action: Interferes with protein synthesislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbed from GI tractlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life : 2.5{endash}6 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 1{endash}2 hlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Metabolism not significantlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Adult Dosage: 12.5{endash}37.5 mg/kg qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: May require lower doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Child Dosage: Same as adult dose or 375{endash}562.5 mg/m2 qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Same as child doselt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Capsules: 250 mg and 500 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Anemia, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hypersensitivity, GI disturbances, nausea , diarrhealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Confusion, photosensitivity, hallucinations, CNS effectslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Bonemarrow depressionlt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include gastric lavage, diuresis, hemodialysislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Hematologic disease, renal impairment, liver impairmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Radiation therapy, bone marrow depressants, amphotericin B, cytarabine, blood dyscrasia{endash}causing medicationslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: BUN, serum bilirubin, creatininelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fludarabinelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Fludaralt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Dlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antineoplasticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, nonHodgkin#39;s lymphoma (orphan drug)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA synthesislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 10 h (terminal)lt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: IV: 25 mg/m2 for 5 d, treatments every 28 dlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: May require lower doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Injection: 50 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Should be used within 8 h of reconstitutionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Anemia, leukopenia, infection, pain, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting , rash, tirednesslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Edema, neurologic effects, stomatitis, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, malaiselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Loss of hair, delayed severe neurologic effects, blood in urine, pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, tumor lysis syndromelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Bone marrow depression , chickenpoxlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Gout, herpes zoster, kidney stones, infectionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Probenecid, bone marrow depressants, sulfinpyrazone, pentostatin, live virus vaccineslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Alkaline phosphate, uric acidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt; o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fludrocortisone Acetatelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Florineflt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Corticosteroidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Corticosteroid, antihypotensive, diagnostic aid (renal tubular acidosis)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Chronic or secondary adrenocorticoid insufficiency, congenital adrenogenital syndrome, idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, acidosis in renal tubular disorderslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Acts on distal tubule to increase excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, increase sodium reabsorption, increase protein synthesislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Well distributedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 3.5 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Metabolism: Hepatic, renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Duration of action is 1{endash }2 dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 100 m{mu}g/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: 50{endash }100 m{mu}g/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: 50{endash}100 m{mu}g/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 100 m{mu}glt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: In children, could cause growth suppressionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: CHF, dizziness, headache, hypokalemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Heart problems, hypertension, kidney or liver problems, hyperthyroidism, chronic nephritis, osteoporosislt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Digitalis glycosides, lithium, hepatic enzyme inducers, hypokalemia{endash}causing medicationslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Blood pressure, hematocrit, potassium, sodiumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: May need concurrent use of a diureticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt; o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flunisolidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): AeroBID (oral inhaler), Nasalide (nasal inhaler)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Steroidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Adrenocorticoid, antiasthmatic, antiinflammatorylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Bronchial asthma (oral inhalation), rhinitis, nasal allergic disorders, nasal polypslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Acute bronchospasm, nonasthmatic bronchitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Prevents recruitment and activation of inflammatory cellslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: About 0.5 of dose absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 1.5 {endash}2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Peak activity: 1.5{endash}2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepatic, pulmonarylt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renal, fecallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Onset of action, 1{endash}4 wlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Oral inhalation: 500 m{mu}g up to 2 mg/d; nasal inhalation: 50 m{mu}g in each nostril bid, maximum daily dose 200 m {mu}g in each nostrillt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: 4 y and over: same as adult doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Oral inhalation aerosol: 250 m{mu}g per metered spray; nasal inhalation: 25 m{mu}g per metered spraylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Respiratorylt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Use caution if surgery is required; rinse mouth after each doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Rash, bronchitis, endocrine imbalance, tachycardia, GI upset, dizziness, headachelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Acne, cataracts, edema, depression, mood changes, trouble sleeping, nasal or oral candidiasislt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Bronchospasmlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Bronchiectasislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Overdosage: Acneiform lesions, Cushing#39;s syndrome, menstrual changeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include supportive treatmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Disease States: Heart problems, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, systemic fungal infections, peptic ulcer, glaucomalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Antidiabetic agentslt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Blood or urine glucose, potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, spermatozoa concentrations, sodiumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o :pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluocinolone Acetonidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): BioSyn, Fluocet, Fluonid, Flurosyn, Synalar, Synemollt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Dexamethasonelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Topical steroidal antiinflammatory, topical corticosteroidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Atopic or exfoliative skin disorders, dermatitis, severe eczema, keloids , psoriasis, sarcoidosis, sunburnlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Acne, routine gingivitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Antiinflammatory through cytosolic glucocorticoid receptormediated actionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Absorbed systemically across stratum corneumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Dermal, hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Medium to high potency corticosteroidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topical, to the skin, bid to qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: May require lower doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Topical, to the skin, once daily or bidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Same as child dose. In children up to 2 y, 2% strength not recommended.lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Cream: 0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.2%; ointment: 0.025%; topical solution: 0.01%lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Dermallt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: For external use only; do not use in eyeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Avoid tightfitting diapers or plastic pants in area being treatedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Burning sensation, dryness, irritation, scaling, contact dermatitis, purpura, numbness in fingers, skin atrophylt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Acne, cataracts, Cushing#39;s syndrome, glaucoma, hypopigmentation, skin maceration, hirsutismlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy : No specific antidote; may include dilution with fluidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Infection at treatment site; preexisting skin atrophylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Lab Tests: Glucose, eosinophil count, adrenal function as assessed by corticotropin, hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis functionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Occlusive dressings greatly increase absorption.lt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluocinolone Acetonide/Neomycin Sulfatelt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): NeoSynalarlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Topical antiinflammatorylt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Dermatitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topical, to the skin, bid to qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Cream: 0.25 mg/5 mg/glt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluocinonidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Fluocin, Licon, Lidexlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Steroidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Topical adrenocorticoid, topical steroidal antiinflammatorylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Severe inflammatory dermatoses, psoriasis, lichen simplex dermatosis, chronic eczematous dermatoseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Unaccepted Indications: Acne, routine gingivitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Complexes with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptorslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution : Can be absorbed systemically; absorbed across stratum corneumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Dermal, hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: High potencylt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topically to skin bid to qidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Preexisting skin atrophy may cause problemslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Topically to skin once dailylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Same as child doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Cream: 0.05%; gel: 0.05%; ointment: 0.05%; topical solution: 0.05%lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; By System: Dermallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: For external use only; do not use in or around the eyeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions : Avoid tightfitting diapers or plastic pants on affected arealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Contact dermatitis, purpura, numbness in fingers, burning, irritationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Acne, cataracts, Cushing#39;s syndrome, gastric ulcer, glaucoma, hirsutismlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: No specific antidote ; may include dilution with fluidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Infection at treatment site; preexisting skin atrophylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Glucose tolerance, total eosinophil count, hypothalmicpituitaryadrenal axis function, ACTH stimulationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluorescein Sodiumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): AkFluor, Fluorescite, Fluorets, FluorIStrip, FulGlo, Funduscein10, Funduscein25, Ophthifluorlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Ophthalmic diagnostic aidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Contact lens fitting; applanation tonometry; detection of corneal stippling, abrasions, lesions, foreign bodies, and contact lens pressure points; lacrimal drainage testing; wound leakage tests; diagnostic aid in ophthalmic angiography; evaluation of iris vasculature; distinction between viable and nonviable tissue; observation of aqueous flow; diagnosis of malignant vs. nonmalignant tumorslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Demonstrates defects of corneal epitheliumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Injection: 500{endash}750 mg injected rapidly into antecubital vein; ophthalmic solution: 1{endash}2 drops to detect foreign bodies or corneal abrasions; strips: place moistened strip at fornix close to punctumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Injection: 10% and 25%; solution: 2%; strips: 0.6 mg, 1 mg, and 9 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Drops may stain soft contact lenses; discontinue drops if hypersensitivity develops; avoid extravasation with injectionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Side/Adverse Effects: Nausea, GI distress, headache, syncope, vomiting, hypotension, cardiac arrest, basilar artery ischemia, hives, itching, bronchospasm, thrombophlebitis, shock, seizures, jaundice, anaphylaxis, dyspnea, pyrexia, dizziness , angioneurotic edema, strong taste, bright yellow urinelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Allergies, asthmalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Do not use if solution contains a precipitatelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Fluorescein Sodium/Proparacainelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Flucaine, Fluoracaine, Fluress, SpectroFluorocainelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Medical Category: Diagnostic agentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Eye examinationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Ophthalmic solution: 0.5 %/0.25 %lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluoride/Polyvitaminlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): BioPolyFlor; MulvidrenF; PolytabsF; PolyViFlor; SoluviteF; ViDaylin/Flt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Vitamin supplementlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Accepted Indications: Hypovitaminosislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Liquid: 0.25 mg; solution: 0.25 mg/mL, various other strengths; tablet: 0.5 mglt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluoride/Vitamin A/Vitamin C/Vitamin Dlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): ADC with Fluoride; Florvite; TriViFlor; ViDaylin/F ADClt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Vitamin supplementlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Hypovitaminosislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Liquid: 0.25 mg; solution: 0.25 mg/1500 IU/35 mg/400 IU; tablet: 1 mg/2500 IU/60 mg/400 IU; other strengthslt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluorometholonelt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): FluorOp, FMLlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Corticosteroidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Ophthalmic adrenocorticoid, ophthalmic antiinflammatorylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Ophthalmic noninfective, inflammatory disorderslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Degenerative ocular disorderslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Stimulates protein synthesis responsible for antiinflammatory actionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Absorbed into aqueous humor, cornea, iris, and retina; some systemic absorptionlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Monitor patient with tonometry and slitlamp examinationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topically to conjunctiva 1{endash}4 times/dlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Ointment: 0.1%; suspension: 0.1% and 0.25 %lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Ocularlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: If no improvement, see physicianlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Eye examinations should be performed routinely during longterm therapy; protect applicator from contaminationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Blurred visionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Burning sensation, stinging, or redness of eyeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Secondary eye infections, optic nerve damage, ocular hypertensionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Ocular fungal infections, ocular tuberculosis, viral disease, herpes simplexlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: No serious side effectslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include dilution with fluidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Cataracts, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, corneal infectionslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Antiglaucoma agents, anticholinergics, contact lenseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Shake suspension before usinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluorouracillt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Adrucil, Efudex, Fluoroplexlt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: D for systemic; X for topicallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antineoplastic; topical antineoplasticlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Various carcinomas, including breast, prostatic, lung, ovarian, colorectal, hepatic, head and neck, gastric, pancreatic, bladder, cervical, endometrial; pericardial malignant effusions; topical actinic keratoseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA, RNA synthesislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Crosses bloodbrain barrierlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: Biphasic: 10{endash}20 min and 20 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Respiratory, renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Varies by indication. Representative doses: injection: IV, 7{endash }12 mg/kg/d for 4 d, then 7{endash}10 mg/kg every 3{endash}4 d; total course of therapy of 2 w. Topical solution or cream: topical once daily or bid to lesions.lt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Lower dosage may be requiredlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Injection: same as adult dose. Topical solution or cream: safety and efficacy not established.lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Same as child doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Injection: 50 mg/mL. Cream: 1% and 5%. Topical solution: 1%, 2%, and 5%.lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Systemic: diarrhea, leukopenia, esophagopharyngitis, infection, ulcerative stomatitis, dermatitis, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, loss of hair; topical: allergic reaction, inflammatory response, burning at application site, contact dermatitis, photosensitivity, oozing, itchinglt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: GI ulceration, thrombocytopenia, dry skinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Acute cerebellar syndrome, pneumopathy, myocardial ischemia, palmarplantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, skin darkening, scaling, watering eyeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Chickenpox, herpes zoster, infectionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Disease States: Bone marrow depression, liver impairment, renal function impairment, hemorrhagic ulcerated tissues, preexisting dermatoseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Radiation therapy, leucovorin, bone marrow depressants, live virus vaccineslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Hematocrit, leukocyte, plateletlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt ;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluoxetine Hydrochloridelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Prozaclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Unique compoundlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Blt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Medical Category: Antidepressant, antiobsessional agentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Mental depression, obsessivecompulsive disorderslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibitor of serotoninlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 2{endash}3 dlt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 6{endash}8 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renal/biliarylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Onset of action, 14 weekslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Up to 80 mg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Capsules: 20 mg; oral solution: 20 mg/5 mLlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: CNS subcortical nucleilt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: May cause drowsiness; avoid alcohollt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Use caution when getting up from a prone positionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Anxiety, diarrhea, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, increased sweatinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Chills, joint pain, hives, respiratory problems, abnormal dreams, chest pain, constipationlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Allergic reactions, hypoglycemia, convulsions, swollen glandslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: Agitation, excitement, nausea/vomiting , convulsionslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include supportive treatment; maintain body temperature, respiration, and cardiac function; give anticonvulsantslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Disease States: Diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney problems, convulsionslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Alcohol, MAO inhibitors, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, digitalis, diazepamlt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluoxymesteronelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Halotestinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Steroidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Scheduled Class: IIIlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Abuse Potential: Highlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Xlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Androgen, antineoplastic, antianemiclt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Androgen deficiency, delayed male puberty, breast carcinoma, anemialt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Enhancement of athletic performance, prevention of postpartum breast engorgementlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Stimulates spermatogenesis, male secondary sex characteristics, and sexual maturation at pubertylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Well absorbed; distributed to all body tissueslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 9.2 hlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Fluoxymesterone is a synthetic androgenlt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 20{endash}50 mg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Use with caution because prostate enlargement may occurlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: May delay puberty in males if doses exceed 2.5{endash}10 mg/d; limit duration of therapy to 4{endash}6 mlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 2 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Endocrine and testicularlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: In women with metastatic breast cancer, androgen therapy occasionally accelerates the course of the diseaselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, bladder irritability, breast soreness, priapismlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Edema, GI irritation, hepatic dysfunction, hypercalcemia, prostatic carcinoma, prostatic hypertrophy, impotencelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Hepatic necrosis, leukopenialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Breast cancer in males, prostate cancerlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: Priapismlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Cardiac function impairment, edema, nephritis, diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic function impairment, hypercalcemia, prostatic hypertrophylt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents, hepatotoxic medications, human growth hormone, cyclosporine, insulinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Glucose tolerance ; fasting blood glucose; clotting factors II, V, VII, and X; hematocrit; hemoglobinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Women should be checked for signs of virilization during androgen therapylt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluphenazinelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Permitil, Prolixinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Piperazinelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Pregnancy Category: Not recommendedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antipsychotic, antineuralgia adjunctlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Psychotic disorders, neurogenic painlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Blocks dopaminergic receptorslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot; gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 4{endash}7 dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination : Renal, biliarylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 2.5{endash}10 mg/ d taken every 6{endash}8 h, 20 mg/d maximum. Injection: 1.25{endash}2.5 mg tid or qid Decanoate or enanthate injection: up to 100 mg/doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Elderly Dosage: Lower dosage may be requiredlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: lt;st1:place st=quot;onquot;gt;POlt;/st1:placegt;: 250{endash}750 m{mu}g 1{endash}4 times/d. Injection and enanthate injection: under 12 y: not established; 12 y and over: same as adult dose. Decanoate injection: 5{endash}12 y : 3.125{endash}12.5 mg every 1{endash}3 w; 12 y and over: 6.25{endash}18.75 mg/w, dose increased to 12.5{endash}25 mg every 1{endash}3 wlt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Elixir: 2.5 mg/mL. Tablets: 1 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg , and 10 mg. Oral solution: 5 mg/mL. Injection: 2.5 mg/mL. Decanoate injection: 25 mg/mL. Enanthate injection: 25 mg/mLlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Warnings: Do not use if discoloredlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Avoid alcohollt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Akathisia, hypotension, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonian effects, anticholinergic effects, nasal congestion, dizziness, trembling, vomiting, nausea, blurred vision, dystonic effectslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Contact dermatitis, difficult urination, photosensitivity , changes in menstrual period, galactorrhea, weight gain, swelling of breasts, decreased sexual abilitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Agranulocytosis, priapism, cholestatic jaundice, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, heat stroke , melanosislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: CNS depression, cardiovascular diseaselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Angina pectoris, breast cancer, Reye# 39;s syndrome, Parkinson#39;s disease, comatose state, alcoholism, blood dyscrasias, hepatic function impairmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Epinephrine, levodopa, lithium, alcohol, CNS depression{endash}producing medications, tricyclic antidepressants, antithyroid agents, hypotension{endash}causing medications, extrapyramidal reaction{endash}causing medications, metrizamidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Blood cell counts , bilirubin, bilelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flurandrenolidelt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Cordranlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Hydrocortisonelt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Adrenocorticoid (topical), antiinflammatorylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Accepted Indications: Skin disorders, mild dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, mild eczemalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Acne, routine gingivitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Mechanism of Action: Antiinflammatory through effects mediated by cytosolic glucocorticoid receptorslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Partially absorbed systemicallylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Dermal, hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Mediumpotency topical corticosteroidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topically to skin bid or tidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Preexisting skin atrophy may cause problemslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage : Topically to skin 0.025% once daily or bid; 0.05% once dailylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Same as child doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Dosage Forms: Cream: 0.025% and 0.05%; lotion: 0.05%; ointment: 0.025% and 0.05%; tape: 4 m{mu}g/cm2lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;By System: Dermallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: For external use only; do not use in eyelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Do not use plastic pants if diaper area being treatedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Burning sensation, dryness, itching, contact dermatitis, numbness in fingerslt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Acne, Cushing#39;s syndrome, glaucoma, hypopigmentation, skin macerationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Skin infectionslt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: No specific antidote; may include dilution with fluidslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Infection at treatment site, preexisting skin atrophylt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Glucose, total eosinophil count, adrenal functionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Tape dosage form should not be applied to serumleaking woundslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flurazepam Hydrochloridelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Dalmanelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Benzodiazepineslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Scheduled Class: IVlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Abuse Potential: Mildlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Not givenlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Sedativehypnoticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Insomnialt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Antianxietylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: CNS depressant of subcortical nucleilt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption /Distribution: Well absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: Phase 1, 2.3 h; phase 2, up to 100 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Peak activity: 0.5{endash}2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;PO: 0.5{endash}2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 15{endash}30 mg at bedtimelt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: 15 mg at bedtimelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Not recommendedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Infant Dosage: Not recommendedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Capsules: 15 mg and 30 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: CNS subcortical nucleilt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Avoid alcohollt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Do not operate machinerylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Dizziness, lightheadedness, tirednesslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Palpitations, nausea and vomiting, headache, increased thirst, diarrhealt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Constipation, clumsiness, blurred vision, false sense of wellbeing, withdrawal symptomslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: Confusion, decreased reflexes, muscle weakness, shakiness, slurred speechlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include supportive measures, flumazenillt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Disease States: Intoxication, coma, shock, epilepsy, glaucoma, pulmonary diseaselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Alcohol, CNS depressants, antidepressants, antacids, erythromycinlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: NaI uptake, metyraponelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Extremely effective on second or third d of uselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flurbiprofenlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Trade Name(s): Ansaidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Aspirinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: B ( first trimester); not recommended in second half of pregnancylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antirheumatic; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, antidysmenorrheallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Accepted Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, anklylosing spondylitis, nonrheumatic inflammation, dysmenorrhealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Reduction of edema after eye surgerylt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Interferes with prostaglandin synthesislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Rapid absorptionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Half life: 3 h (distribution); 5.7 h (elimination)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Peak activity: 5.2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; PO: 1.5 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Drug is toxic to fetus but not teratogeniclt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 200{endash}300 mg/d in 2{endash}4 divided doseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Use with cautionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 50 mg and 100 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: CNSlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Excreted in breast milklt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Avoid alcohol; sensitivity to the sun possiblelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Headache, fluid retention, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, indigestion, nausealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Forgetfulness, mental depression, hematemesis, allergic rhinitis, blurred vision, tinnitus, tachycardia, flushing, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, irritability, trembling, insomnia, extreme weakness, gas, constipation, decreased appetite, vomitinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects : Chest pain, nosebleed, arrhythmia, CHF, increased blood pressure, confusion, meningitis, dermatitis, bitter taste, muscle weakness, StevensJohnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, esophagitis, gastritis, GI ulceration, vaginal bleeding, blood in urine, cystitis , incontinence, anemia, bruising, eosinophilia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, anaphylaxis, angioedema, troubled breathing, fever, lymphadenopathy, corneal opacity, conjunctivitis, dry eyes, retinal hemorrhage, stomatitis, decreased hearing, hyperkalemia, interstitial nephritis, renal impairment, increased sweating, pounding heartbeat, photosensitivitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Blood disorders, bone marrow depression, cardiac disease, peptic ulcerlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Overdosage: Listlessness, GI distress, convulsions, acute renal failure, comalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include emesis/gastric lavage; no syrup of ipecac; activated charcoal, antacidslt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Bleeding disorders, sensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDs, nasal polyps, GI inflammatory disease, renal function impairment, stomatitis, hypertensionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Anticoagulants, heparin, plateletaggregation inhibitors, epinephrine, acetaminophen, alcohol, corticosteroids, corticotropin, potassium supplements, thrombolytic agents, triamterene, aspirin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotetan, plicamycin, valproic acid, cyclosporinelt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Take with full glass of water. Maximal listed dose is for shortterm therapy only and not meant to be an indication of maintenance doselt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flurbiprofen Sodium (Ophthalmic)lt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Ocufenlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Aspirinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, antiinflammatory, miosis inhibitorlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications : Ocular inflammation, miosis, cystoid macular edemalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Interferes with prostaglandin synthesislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution : Penetrates the cornea, significant systemic absorption may occurlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topical to the conjunctiva, miosis inhibitor: 1 drop every 30 min beginning 2 h prior to surgery for a total of 4 drops; antiinflammatory: 1 drop q4hlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Safety not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Ophthalmic solution 0.03%lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Ocularlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Ocular irritationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Bleeding in eye, redness in eyelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Epithelia herpes simplex keratitis , bleeding disorders, sensitivity to aspirin or NSAIDslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Acetylcholine chloride, carbachol, anticoagulants, heparin, platelet aggregation inhibitors, epinephrinelt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Flutamidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Trade Name(s): Eulexinlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Androgenslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Dlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antineoplasticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Prostatic carcinomalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of androgen uptake; interference with testosterone activitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Rapidly and completely absorbedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Half life: 6 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;PO: 2 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renal/fecallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Used in combination with LH releasing hormone analogues such as leuprolidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 125{endash}750 mg/d in 3 divided doseslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Halflife increasedlt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Capsules: 125 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Reduces sperm countlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;Precautions: Continue with medication despite side effects; check with physician if vomiting occurs shortly after dose is takenlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Impotence or decrease in libido; diarrhea; hot flashes; nausea or vomitinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Gynecomastia, loss of appetite, numbness or tingling of hands or feet, swelling of feet or lower legslt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Hepatitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include supportive treatmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Lab Tests: Plasma estradiol and testosterone, serum bilirubin, serum creatininelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Therapy should begin simultaneously with LH releasing hormone analogue therapylt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fluticasone Propionatelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Trade Name(s): Cutivatelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Topical corticosteroid, topical steroidal antiinflammatorylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Skin disorders (dermatitis, pruritus)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Acne , rosacealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Skin, hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Topical, to the skin, bidlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: Lower dose may be requiredlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Cream: 0.05%. Ointment: 0.005%.lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Do not use in or around eyeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Contact dermatitis, folliculitis, furunculosis, hyperesthesia, numbness in fingers, skin atrophy, secondary skin infectionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Acneiform eruptions, Cushing#39;s syndrome, perioral dermatitis, edema, gastric ulcer, glaucoma, hirsutism, hypopigmentation, skin maceration, unusual loss of hairlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Diabetes, skin atrophy, glaucoma, tuberculosis, infection at treatment sitelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests : Eosinophil count, glucoselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Folic Acidlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Folvitelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Alt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Nutritional supplement; diagnostic aid (folate deficiency)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Folic acid deficiency (treatment and diagnosis)lt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Mental disorders, aplastic anemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Synthesis of purine, metabolism of amino acids, and histidinelt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;PO: 0.5{endash}1 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Large proportion stored in liverlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 100 m{mu}g/d up to 500 m{mu}g; 3{endash}15 mg when used in tropical spruelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Supplement 100 m{ mu}g/d up to 500 m{mu}g/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Folic acid injection that contains benzyl alcohol as a preservative should not be usedlt;/pgt ; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 100 m{mu}g, 400 m{mu}g, 800 m{mu}g, and 1 mg; injection: 5 mg/mLlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Megadoses not recommended without physician#39;s approvallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Use parenteral administration only when oral administration not acceptablelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Erythema, fever, itchinglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Pernicious anemialt;/pgt; lt ;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Antibiotics, zinc supplements, estrogens, analgesics, methotrexate, sulfonamides, anticonvulsantslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Vitamin B12 concentrations in bloodlt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Administrative Notes: Follow proper diet, obtaining folic acid from appropriate food sources.lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o: pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Formaldehydelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Formalin, Formalyde 10, FormaRay, LazerFormalydelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Aldehydeslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Drying agent, dermatologic agent, antiinfective, skin/mucous membrane agentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Pre and postsurgical removal of warts drying agent; hyperhidrosis and bromidrosislt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Destroys microorganisms, drying agentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Perform skin sensitivity testlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Adult Dosage: Apply to affected area once dailylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Aerosol spray: 10%; solution: 7.4%, 8%, and 10%lt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Dermallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: For external use only; check skin for sensitivitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Keep out of reach of children; avoid contact with eyes and mucous membraneslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Side/Adverse Effects: Some redness or irritationlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Foscarnet Sodiumlt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Foscavirlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Medical Category: Systemic antivirallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Cytomegalovirus retinitis, herpes simplex, varicellazosterlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Unaccepted Indications: Bacteria, mycoplasmalt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibits viral replication by blocking DNA polymeraselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: Poorly absorbed after oral administrationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 0.4{endash}1.4 h (distribution), 3.3{endash}6.8 h (elimination)lt;/pgt; lt;p class= quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;IV: End of infusionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Not metabolizedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renallt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: IV: 60 mg/kg tid for 14{endash}21 d initially; maintenance, IV, 90{endash}120 mg/kg once dailylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: May require lower doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: Same as adult doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Injection: 6000 mg/250 mL and 12,000 mg/500 mLlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, GI disturbances, neurotoxicitylt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Anemia, granulocytopenia, phlebitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Penile ulcerations, mouth soreslt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Dehydrationlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Anemia, kidney impairmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Pentamidine, zidovudine, nephrotoxic medicationslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Serum phosphate, serum calciumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o: pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Fosinopril Sodiumlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Monoprillt; /pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: ACE inhibitorslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: C in first trimester, D in second and thirdlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Antihypertensivelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Hypertensionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt ;Unaccepted Indications: CHFlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of ACE enzymelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Absorption/Distribution: 36% absorbed slowly from GI tractlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 11.5 h (fosinoprilat, active metabolite)lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Peak activity: 2 {endash}6 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: Renal, fecallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Research Notes: Onset of action, 1 h; duration of action, 24 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: Initial: 10 mg once daily; maintenance : 20{endash}40 mg once daily up to 80 mg maximum/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elderly Dosage: May require lower doselt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Child Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Safety and efficacy not establishedlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Tablets: 10 mg and 20 mglt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: Excreted in breast milklt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Dry cough, headachelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Hypotension, rash, fever, joint pain, itching, diarrhea, dysgeusia, fatigue, nausealt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Angioedema, chest pain, hyperkalemia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, pancreatitislt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Contraindications: Angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal artery stenosis, renal transplantationlt;/ pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Overdosage: Severe hypotensionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Antidotal Therapy: May include volume expansionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot; MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Alcohol, potassium sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, lowsalt milk, potassium{endash}containing medications, salt substituteslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Blood pressure , leukocyte count, urinary protein, BUN, digoxin levelslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;lt;o:pgt; lt;/o:pgt;lt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot ;MsoNormalquot;gt;Furosemidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Trade Name(s): Lasix, Myrosemidelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Chemically Related To: Sulfonamideslt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Pregnancy Category: Clt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Medical Category: Diuretic, antihypertensive, antihypercalcemiclt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Accepted Indications: Edema, hypertensionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reabsorption of Cl and water in ascending loop of Henlelt;/pgt; lt; p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Half life: 0.5{endash}1 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;PO: 2.5 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; gt;IV: 0.5 hlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Metabolism: Hepaticlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Elimination: 88% renal; 12% biliary/fecallt ;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Adult Dosage: 20{endash}600 mg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Child Dosage: 2{endash}6 mg /kg/dlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Infant Dosage: Same as child, but the dosing interval should be extended because of prolonged half{endash}life in neonateslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Dosage Forms: Oral solution: 8 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL; tablets: 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg: injection: 10 mg/mLlt;/pgt; lt;p class =quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;By System: Cardiovascular and renallt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Warnings: May increase blood glucose levels in diabetic patients; use caution if any kind of surgery, including dental surgery , is required; elderly patients may be more sensitive to the drug#39;s effectslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Precautions: Skin photosensitivity possiblelt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot ;gt;Frequent Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotensionlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Occasional Side Effects: Electrolyte imbalance, blurred vision, diarrhea, headache, pain at site of injection, stomach crampslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Rare Side Effects: Rashes, gout, hepatic dysfunction, leukopenia, ototoxicity, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, hyperglycemialt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Disease States: Severe renal function impairment, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, acute myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, hearing impairmentlt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Other Drugs: Hypotensive medication, anticoagulants, oral antidiabetic agents, chloral hydrate, probenecid, ototoxic medicationslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt;Lab Tests: Blood glucose concentrations, BUN, calcium chloride, magnesium, potassium and sodium serum concentrationslt;/pgt; lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot;gt; Administrative Notes: IV infusion should not exceed 4 mg/minlt;/pgt; br br